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1、一.定義1.accounting會計:Accountingisaninformationsystemthatidentifies,records,andcommunicatesrelevant,reliable,andcomparableinformationaboutorganization’sbusinessactivitiesthatcanbeexpressedinmonetaryterms.會計是一個信息系統(tǒng),用于確認(rèn)、記錄和披露企業(yè)可以用貨幣計量的經(jīng)營活動相關(guān)的、可靠的、可比的信息。2.publicaccounting公共會計:Publicaccounting
2、isthefieldofaccountingthatprovidesavarietyofaccountingservicestoclientsforafee.公共會計是指為客戶提供多種服務(wù)并收取服務(wù)費的會計領(lǐng)域。3.accrualbasisofaccounting權(quán)責(zé)發(fā)生制:Usingtheaccrualbasisofaccountingmeansthatrevenues,expensesandotherchangesinassets,liabilities,andowners’equityareaccountedforintheperiodinwhichtheecon
3、omiceventtakesplace,notnecessarilywhenthecashinflowsandoutflowstakeplace.在權(quán)責(zé)發(fā)生制下,收入、費用、資產(chǎn)、負(fù)債和所有者權(quán)益的變動應(yīng)記錄與交易發(fā)生的時期,而不是相關(guān)的現(xiàn)金流入或流出的時期。4.assets資產(chǎn):Assetsareresourceswithfuturebenefitsthatareownedorcontrolledbyacompany.資產(chǎn)是指企業(yè)所擁有或控制的、能夠在未來給企業(yè)帶來利益的資源。5.account賬戶:Anaccountmaybedefinedasarecordofth
4、eincreases,decreases,andbalanceinanindividualitemofasset,liabilities,andowners’equity,revenue,orexpense.賬戶是指反應(yīng)資產(chǎn)、負(fù)債、所有者權(quán)益、收入、費用的增減變動和結(jié)余情況的會計記錄。6.balancesheet資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表:Thebalancesheetisafinancialstatementwhichshowsthefinancialpositionofabusinessentitybysummarizingtheassets,liabilities,andowne
5、rs’equityataspecialdate.資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表是用來列示公司的資產(chǎn)、負(fù)債和所有者權(quán)益,反應(yīng)企業(yè)的財務(wù)狀況的報表7.incomestatement利潤表:Anincomestatementisafinancialstatementshowingtheresultsofoperationsforabusinessbymatchingrevenueandrelatedexpensesforaparticularaccountingperiod.Itshowsthenetincomeornetloss.利潤表是財務(wù)報表的一種,通過將收入和費用配比反映一個企業(yè)一定期間
6、的經(jīng)營成果8.Statementofretainedearnings留存收益表:Thestatementofretainedearningsreportsinformationabouthowretainedearningschangesoverthereportingperiod.留存收益表用來說明企業(yè)一定時期留存收益的變動情況9.cashflowstatement現(xiàn)金流量表:Thecashflowstatementrevealsnotonlyoperatingcashflowofthecompany,butalsoenablestheusertoreconcilet
7、hecashflowstonetincome.現(xiàn)金流量表不僅可以揭示企業(yè)的經(jīng)營活動的現(xiàn)金流量,還可以使報表的使用者將現(xiàn)金流量調(diào)整為凈收益10.relatedpartytransactions關(guān)聯(lián)方交易:Whenafirmengagesinatransactionwhereoneofthepartieshastheabilitytoinfluencetheactionsandpoliciesoftheother,thetransactionistermedarelatedpartytransaction.當(dāng)公司所從事的交易中一方有能力影響另