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1、2019-2020年高考英語語法精講精練精析-定語從句一、概念在復(fù)合句中,修飾名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句。Theoldmanwho/whom/thatwevisitedyesterdayisafamousartist.其中所飾名詞即theoldman稱為先行詞,引導(dǎo)定語從句并在其中充當(dāng)句子一個成分的詞稱為關(guān)系詞(如上句中的who/whom/that)。關(guān)系詞的用法與選擇須考慮它在定語從句中的成分。下面分類講解它們的用法。二、用法定語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞有:that,which,who,whose,as,where,when,w
2、hy。1.that指人或物,作主語或賓語(作賓語可省略)IlikethebooksthatwerewrittenbyLuXun.Thestudentthatwonthefirstprizeisourmonitor.2.which指物,作主語或賓語(作賓語可省略)Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.Isthisthelibrary(which)youborrowbooksfrom?3.who指人,作主語或賓語(作賓語可省略)Themanwhovisitedourschoolyes
3、terdayisMrBrown.HeisthemanwhoIwanttoworkwith.4.whose指人或物,作定語,表示“……的”,可轉(zhuǎn)換為“of+關(guān)系代詞”。MissWangistakingcareofthechildwhoseparentshavegonetoBeijing.Isawsometreeswhoseleaveswereblack.5.注意that和which的區(qū)別(1)先行詞為不定代詞everything,little,much,all,anything,nothing,something,no,so
4、me,any,few,one等時,關(guān)系代詞只能用that。Wearewillingtodoanythingthatisgoodtothepeople.(2)先行詞前有形容詞最高級修飾時,用that。Thisisthebestbook(that)I'veeverread.(3)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或者theonly(唯一的),thevery(正是那個),thelast修飾時,用that。ThefirstbookthatIreadlastnightwasanEnglishnovel.(4)如果有兩個或兩個以上分別表示人和物的先行詞時
5、,定語從句的關(guān)系代詞只能用that。Weknownothingaboutthedoctorsandthehospitalsthatyouaretalkingabout.(5)以疑問詞(who,which,what)開頭的疑問句,為避免重復(fù),用that。Whichisthebookthatyouborrowedfromthelibrary?(6)關(guān)系代詞放在介詞之后,指物時只能用which,不能用that。Thisisthefactoryinwhichweonceworked.(7)非限制性定語從句中,指代物或一種情況時,用
6、which,不能用that。Thisisthebook,whichiswrittenbyLuXun.Thebabywasill,whichmadethemotherveryworried.6.關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾表示時間的先行詞,在定語從句中充當(dāng)時間狀語。Nextmonth,whenyou'llspendyoursummerholidaysinyourhometown,isapproaching.7.關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾表示地點的先行詞,在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c狀語。Sheisgoingtolivei
7、nMacao,whereshehassomeclosefriends.8.關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句修飾先行詞reason,在定語從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語。Hedidn'ttellmethereasonwhyhewassoupset.高考預(yù)測——限制性定語從句(介詞+which/whom)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句是定語從句中較復(fù)雜的一種,是我們學(xué)習(xí)定語從句的重點,也是高考的常考點。這類定語從句的關(guān)系代詞主要有which和whom。先行詞是物時,用介詞+which;是人時,用介詞+whom。介詞后面的關(guān)系代詞不能省略
8、。1.注意介詞的選?。?1)根據(jù)介詞和定語從句中謂語動詞的習(xí)慣搭配。Icalledhimbythewrongname,forwhichIshouldapologize.Whoisthemanwithwhomyoujustshookhands?(2)根據(jù)定語從句意思的需要,不但要注意其前的搭配也要注意其后