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1、ReviewVerbalBehaviorbyB.F.Skinner評斯金納著《言語行為》陶強2016.10.11Structureofthearticle文章結(jié)構(gòu)Thereare11partsinthearticle1.thegeneralproblem2.theexperimentalcontext3~4thebasicconceptsofstimulus,responseandreinforcement5.thestatusofthefundamentalclaim6~10thenewdescriptivemachineryforthedescriptionofverbalbehavi
2、or11.somewaysinclarifyingtheproblemsofSkinner'sstudy1.ThegeneralproblemThemaincontenttowhichSkineer'sbookisaddressedisthatofgivinga“functionalanalysis”ofverbalbehavior.Here,skinnermeansidentificationofthevariablesthatcontrolone'sbehaviorandspecificationofhowtheyinteracttodetermineaparticularverbal
3、behavior.Whatisverbal—behaviortheory？1.ThegeneralproblemSkinner'sanalysisoflanguageincludesinformationonthereinforcementandpunishmentoflanguageandtheimportantaspectsofstimuluscontrolandmotivationthatimpactlanguagedevelopment.Skinner'sthesisisthatexternalfactorsconsistingofpresentstimulationandtheh
4、istoryofreinforcementareofoverwhelmingimportance.1.ThegeneralproblemHowever,Chomskybelievesthatverbalbehaviorismuchmorecomplicated.verbalbehaviorexternalfactorsinternalfactors2.Theexperimentalcontextreinforcingeventoccasion2.TheexperimentalcontextAretheythesame?Thenotionof“stimulus”,“response”,“re
5、inforcement”arerelativelywelldefinedwithrsepecttothebar-pressingexperimentsandotherssimilarlyrestricted.Butifweextendthesetermstoreal-lifebehavior,certaindifficultiesmustbefaced.(What?)2.TheexperimentalcontextInthefirstplace,whetheranyphysicaleventtowhichtheorganism(生物機體)iscapableofreactingistobec
6、alledastimulus(刺激)onagivenaccasion(契機)oronlyonetowhichtheorganisminfactreacts？Inthesecondplace，whetheranypartofbehavioristobecalledaresponse，oronlyoneconnectedwithstimuliinlawfulway？behaviorhasnotbeendemonstratedtobelawful(有規(guī)律的)fortheotherfactorssuchasattention,set,volitionandcapricealsohaveanover
7、whelminginfluence.behaviorislawful，butitisoflimitedsignificanceformostofwhatanimaldoeswillnotsimplybeconsideredbehavior.2.theexperimentalcontextChomskyarguesthatSkinnerutlizestheexperimentalresultsasevidenceforth
