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1、Cross-cultural CommunicationChapter12TakingCulturalValuestoWorkLargeandsmallPowerDistanceIndividualismVSCollectivismMasculinityVSFemininityStrongandweakUncertaintyAvoidanceKeyWordsStudycollectivisticculture集體主義文化individualisticculture個人主義文化relation關(guān)系independenc
2、e獨(dú)立equality平等personalinterest個人利益IndividualistCulturePKCollectivistCulturePK1IndividualistCulture(liberalism):individualstendtodefinethemselvesbytheextenttowhichtheyaredifferentfrom,ratherthansimilartoother.Peopleareencouragedtodisplayself-confidenceandAssertiv
3、eness(自信),disclosure（披露）ofpersonalthoughtsandfeelings.Collectivistculture(Confucianism):placeslittlevalueonindividualidentityandgreatvalueongroupidentity.Goingone'sownwayisnotvalued;uniformityandconformityarestressed.PK2IndividualismCollectivismIcultureWEcultur
4、eopendiscussionofdisagreementarevaluedformsoftalkopenlyspeakingone’smindappearsdistastefulseekthenoticeofothers;affirmtheiruniquenessopenexpressionrisksfaceguardingprivacy;valuingfreedomtodoandthinkwhatevertheychoosetherighttoprivacyinthesenseoffreedomisnotreco
5、gnizedlivelifeguidedonlybyprinciplessuchasequalityandnoninterferenceone’sbusinessisalsothebusinessofthegroup;friendsshouldbeconcernedwitheachother’spersonalmattersFiveBasicThemesinIndividualistCulture1.Thereisatendencyforforeignerstotreatstrangersasequals,seeni
6、nthepolitenesswithwhichforeignerstreatout-groupmembersandtheirwillingnesstofollowpublicrulesandlawsthatguaranteetherightsofall.2.Thereisadesireforindependenceandseparateness,foundinforeigners'needsfortheirownprivacyandautonomyandinthefreedomtheygivetochildren.3
7、.Thereisalackofinhibition(壓抑)onthepartofforeignersintermsofexpressivebehaviors,seenintheirlackofconcernaboutdrawingattentiontothemselvesandtheirwillingnesstodisclosefeelingsandemotions.4.Thereisalackofunderstandingifthereciprocalbondsanddutiesthatregulatein-gro
8、upmembers,foundinforeigners'casualattitudestowardshospitality.5.Thereisalackofconcernatpublicdisplaysofphysicalorsexualintimacy.PK3RelativeCaseWangLinworeanewlyboughtcoattow
