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1、JournalofEngineeringGeology工程地質(zhì)學(xué)報(bào)1004-9665／2011／19(2)-0262—09汶川震區(qū)文家溝泥石流成災(zāi)機(jī)理與特征倪化勇鄭萬(wàn)模唐業(yè)旗徐如閣王德偉陳緒鈺宋志(成都地質(zhì)礦產(chǎn)研究所成都600081)摘要文家溝位于綿竹市清平鄉(xiāng)，屬于5·12汶川Ms8．0級(jí)地震極重災(zāi)區(qū)。地震發(fā)生后的3個(gè)汛期內(nèi)，文家溝曾先后發(fā)生5次典型泥石流災(zāi)害，其中以2010年8月13日泥石流災(zāi)害最為嚴(yán)重，規(guī)模與災(zāi)情巨大，社會(huì)影響深遠(yuǎn)。在對(duì)文家溝泥石流跟蹤調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)上，探討了泥石流的成災(zāi)機(jī)理和特征。研究表明：(1)文家溝泥石流是地震和強(qiáng)降雨共同作用的結(jié)果，其成因可歸納為震
2、因與物源以及雨因與水源兩個(gè)方面，在整個(gè)泥石流形成和發(fā)生的過(guò)程中，呈現(xiàn)出洪流一侵蝕下切一崩滑一席卷一進(jìn)一步侵蝕下切一進(jìn)一步崩滑一增大泥石流規(guī)模一??的“滾雪球式”循環(huán)過(guò)程；(2)泥石流發(fā)生所需的雨量、雨強(qiáng)條件和水動(dòng)力條件都顯著降低，泥石流規(guī)模和雨量之間呈現(xiàn)出明顯冪函數(shù)關(guān)系；(3)發(fā)生過(guò)程呈現(xiàn)出持續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)、運(yùn)動(dòng)距離遠(yuǎn)的特征；(4)成災(zāi)過(guò)程呈現(xiàn)出明顯的鏈?zhǔn)叫?yīng)，危害形式多樣；(5)泥石流頻率呈現(xiàn)出高發(fā)性，規(guī)模呈現(xiàn)出放大性。最后提出了文家溝泥石流研究與防治的建議。關(guān)鍵詞文家溝泥石流成因特征地震滑坡鏈?zhǔn)叫?yīng)中圖分類號(hào)：P642．23文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：AMECHANISMANDCHARAC
3、TERISTICSoFWENJIA—GULLYDEBRISFLoWINEPICENTERAREAoFWENCHUANEARTHQUAKENIHuayongZHENGWanmoTANGYeqiXURugeWANGDeweiCHENXuyuSONGZhi(ChengduInstituteofGeologyandMineralResources，Chengdu610081)AbstractWenjiagullyislocatedattheepicenterareaofthe2008WenehuanEarthquake．Ahugelandslidewasevertriggered
4、bytheearthquake．Duringthepassedthreefloodseasons，atleastfivetypicaldebrisflowsoccurredatWenjiagully．Inparticular，aseverestdebrisflowoccuredonAug．13，2010．Ithadavolumeupto3．1X10m．Fiveresidentslosttheirlivesunfortunatelyandhundredsofnew-builthouseswereburiedduringthecatastrophice—-vent．Howev
5、er，itwasfortunatethatalmostalltheresidentsevacuatedsuccessfullybeforethedebrisflowoccurred．Inthispaper，onthebasisoftrackinginvestigation，themechanismandcharacteristicsoftheWenjia—gullydebrisflowswerediscussedandsomesuggestionswereputforward．Theacknowledgesobtainedafterinvestigationanda—na
6、lysisareasfollows：(1)ThedebrisflowswerecausedbybothWenchuanearthquakeandstrongrainfal1．Asthedebrisflowformationisconcerned，acirclewaspresentedasrunof-erosion-collapse-engulfment-erosion-collapse-enlargement一，andSOon；(2)Thecriticalrainfallinitiateddebrisflowwassignificantlydecreasedandapow
7、er—lawrelationisexistedbetweendebrisflowmagnitudeanddailyrainfall，whichcanbeusedtopredictthevolumeofdeb—risflowonthebasisofweatherforecasting；(3)Astheoccurrenceprocessisconcerned，thedebrisflowlastedforalongdurationandmovedafardistance；(4)Intermsofdestroyingprocess，a
