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1、J.gen.Virol.(1983),64,761-776.PrintedinGreatBritain761Keywords:Coronaviruses/structure/replication/pathogenesisREVIEWARTICLETheBiologyofCoronavirusesBySTUARTSIDDELL,*HELMUTWEGEANDVOLKERTERMEULENInstituteofVirology,VersbacherStrasse7,8700Wftrzburg,FederalRepublicofGerman
2、yIntroductionTheCoronaviridaeisamonogenericfamilycomprising11viruseswhichinfectvertebrates.Membersofthegroupareresponsiblefordiseasesofclinicalandeconomicimportance,inparticularrespiratoryandgastrointestinaldisorders(Table1).Thegroupwasoriginallyrecognizedonthebasisofac
3、haracteristicvirionmorphology(Tyrrelletal.,1968),butcannowbedefinedbybiologicalandmolecularcriteria.Variousaspectsofcoronavirusbiologyhavebeendealtwithinrecentreviews(Robb&Bond,1979;Siddelletal.,1982;Wegeetal.,1982).StructureMorphologyCoronavirionsarepleomorphic,althoug
4、hgenerallyspherical,60to220nmindiameterandbearwidelyspaced,club-shapedsurfaceprojectionsabout20nminlength.Completevirionshaveadensityinsucroseofabout1.18g/ml.Inthinsectionsthevirionenvelopemaybevisualizedasinnerandoutershellsseparatedbyatranslucentspace.Innegativelystai
5、nedpreparationsofavianinfectiousbronchitisvirus(IBV)aninnertongue-shapedmembraneisvisible(Bingham&Almeida,1977;Fig.1).Theinternalribonucleoprotein(RNP)componentofcoronavirionshasbeenvisualizedasalongstrandof1to2nmdiameter(Daviesetal.,1981)orasahelicalRNPcondensedintocoi
6、ledstructuresofvaryingdiameter,normally10to20nm(CauletaL,1979;Macnaughtonetal.,1978;Massalskietal.,1982).Presumably,thedifferentformsseenrepresentdifferentstatesofRNPrelaxation.Afterdisruptionofvirionswithdetergent,nucleocapsidstructureswithadensityof1.27to1.28g/mlinsuc
7、rosecanbeisolated.GenomeRNAThecoronavirusgenomeisalinearmoleculeofsingle-strandedRNAwhichispolyadenylatedandinfectious.Themurinehepatitisvirus(MHV)genomehasalsobeenshowntobecapped.ThegenomeRNAhasamol.wt.of5×106to7×106,correspondingtoabout15000to20000nucleotides.Ta-resis
8、tantoligonucleotidefingerprintingofgenomeRNAandintracellularviralmRNA(seeCoronavirus-directedRNAsynthesis)conf
