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1、查拉圖斯特拉如是說英文版ThusSpakeZarathustra尼采FriedrichNietzscheIntroductionbyMrsForster-Nietzsche.Page1HOWZARATHUSTRACAMEINTOBEING."Zarathustra"ismybrother'smostpersonalwork;itisthehistoryofhismostindividualexperiences,ofhisfriendships,ideals,raptures,bitterestdisappointmentsandsorrows.Abov
2、eitall,however,theresoars,transfiguringit,theimageofhisgreatesthopesandremotestaims.MybrotherhadthefigureofZarathustrainhismindfromhisveryearliestyouth:heoncetoldmethatevenasachildhehaddreamtofhim.Atdifferentperiodsinhislife,hewouldcallthishaunterofhisdreamsbydifferentnames;"buti
3、ntheend,"hedeclaresinanoteonthesubject,"IhadtodoaPERSIANthehonourofidentifyinghimwiththiscreatureofmyfancy.Persianswerethefirsttotakeabroadandcomprehensiveviewofhistory.Everyseriesofevolutions,accordingtothem,waspresidedoverbyaprophet;andeveryprophethadhis'Hazar,'--hisdynastyofat
4、housandyears."AllZarathustra'sviews,asalsohispersonality,wereearlyconceptionsofmybrother'smind.Whoeverreadshisposthumouslypublishedwritingsfortheyears1869-82withcare,willconstantlymeetwithpassagessuggestiveofZarathustra'sthoughtsanddoctrines.Forinstance,theidealoftheSupermanisput
5、forthquiteclearlyinallhiswritingsduringtheyears1873-75;andin"WePhilologists",thefollowingremarkableobservationsoccur:--"Howcanonepraiseandglorifyanationasawhole?--EvenamongtheGreeks,itwastheINDIVIDUALSthatcounted.""TheGreeksareinterestingandextremelyimportantbecausetheyrearedsuch
6、avastnumberofgreatindividuals.Howwasthispossible?Thequestionisonewhichoughttobestudied."Iaminterestedonlyintherelationsofapeopletotherearingoftheindividualman,andamongtheGreekstheconditionswereunusuallyfavourableforthedevelopmentoftheindividual;notbyanymeansowingtothegoodnessofth
7、epeople,butbecauseofthestrugglesoftheirevilinstincts."WITHTHEHELPOFFAVOURABLEMEASURESGREATINDIVIDUALSMIGHTBEREAREDWHOWOULDBEBOTHDIFFERENTFROMANDHIGHERTHANTHOSEWHOHERETOFOREHAVEOWEDTHEIREXISTENCETOMERECHANCE.Herewemaystillbehopeful:intherearingofexceptionalmen."Thenotionofrearingt
8、heSupermanisonlyanewformofanidealNietzsc
