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《不同覆蓋措施對旱區(qū)農(nóng)田土壤酶活性及西瓜產(chǎn)量的影響.pdf》由會員上傳分享,免費(fèi)在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在行業(yè)資料-天天文庫。
1、第32卷第3期干旱地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)研究Vol.32No.32014年5月AgriculturalResearchintheAridAreasMay2014不同覆蓋措施對旱區(qū)農(nóng)田土壤酶活性及西瓜產(chǎn)量的影響吳宏亮1,2,許強(qiáng)2,陳阜1,康建宏2,張海林1,張戰(zhàn)勝2(1.中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)農(nóng)學(xué)與生物技術(shù)學(xué)院/農(nóng)業(yè)部農(nóng)作制度重點實驗室,北京100193;2.寧夏大學(xué)農(nóng)學(xué)院,寧夏銀川750021)摘要:基于大田試驗,研究了砂石+地膜覆蓋,砂石覆
2、蓋,地膜覆蓋3種旱區(qū)農(nóng)田地表不同覆蓋措施下的土壤酶活性及西瓜產(chǎn)量,以農(nóng)田不覆蓋(CK)為對照。結(jié)果表明:砂石+地膜覆蓋在西瓜不同生育時期和不同土壤層次由于土壤水分條件的改善,可顯著提高土壤酶活性,其中土壤脲酶活性提高了34.5%,堿性磷酸酶提高了13.0%,過氧化氫酶提高了29.5%,砂石覆蓋次之(分別提高了31.4%,11.5%,25.5%),地膜覆膜處理雖然也有提高土壤三種酶活性的效果,但作用甚微(僅0.9%,1.4%,2.9%)。對西瓜產(chǎn)量及商品率的影響,砂石+地膜覆蓋、砂石覆蓋處理與對照相比增產(chǎn)效果顯著,分別增產(chǎn)50倍和30倍,地膜覆蓋
3、與對照相比增產(chǎn)7倍,但是商品率較低(2.16%)。表明在當(dāng)?shù)睾祬^(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中,砂石+地膜覆蓋或砂石覆蓋是抗旱、增產(chǎn)增收的有效措施。關(guān)鍵詞:砂石覆蓋;地膜覆蓋;西瓜;土壤酶活性;土壤含水量;旱地農(nóng)田中圖分類號:S651.048;S154.2文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A文章編號:10007601(2014)03017306Effectofdifferentmulchingmethodsonsoilenzymeactivityandwatermelonproductioninfarmlandofaridareas1,2,XUQiang2,CHENFu1,KAN
4、GJianhong2,ZHANGHailin1,ZHANGZhansheng2WUHongliang(1.CollegeofAgronomyandBiotechnology,ChinaAgriculturalUniversity;KeyLaboratoryofFarmingSystem,MinistryofAgriculture,Beijing100193,China;2.CollegeofAgronomy,NingxiaUniversity,Yinchuan750021,China)Abstract:Soilenzymeactivit
5、yandwatermelonproductionwereinvestigatedbyfieldexperimentinaridareas.Fourtreatmentswereperformed,gravelsandandplasticfilmmulching(GFM),gravelsandmulching(GM),plasticfilmmulching(FM),andbarefarmland(CK).TheresultsindicatedthattheGFMsignificantlyincreasedactivitiesofsoilurea
6、se,alkaline,catalasephosphataseby34.5%,13.0%,and29.5%,ascomparedwiththeCK,duetotheimprovedthesoilwatercontentindifferentsoildepthduringdifferentgrowthstages.GMtreatmentalsoshowedsignificanteffect,withthoseenzymesincreasedby31.4%,11.5%,25.5%,respectively.Inaddition,minimalin
7、fluenceofFMwasdetected.Watermelonyieldanditscommercializationratevariedwiththetreatments.IncomparisonwiththeCK,theyieldwassignificantlyincreasedby50timesand30timesforGFMandGMrespectively.Bycontrast,thecommercializationratewasverylow(2.16%).Itwassuggestedthatthecombinationof
8、gravelsandandplasticfilmmulching(GFM)orgravelsandmulching(GM)shouldbeempl