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1、PartOne:TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandChapter1LandandPeopleChapter2TheOriginsofaNation(500BC~AD1066)Chapter3TheShapeoftheNation(1066~1381)Chapter4TransitiontotheModernAge(1455~1688)Chapter5TheRiseandFalloftheBritishEmpire(1688~1990)Chapter6TheEconomyChapte
2、r7GovernmentandAdministrationChapter8JusticetheLawChapter9SocialAffairsChapter10CulturalAffairsChapter1Land,PeopleandLanguageJ1DifferentNamesforBritainanditsPartsTheofficialnameofBritainistheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.ThegeographicalnamesaretheBritishIsle
3、s,GreatBritainandEngland.PeoplejustsayBritain,theUnitedKingdomorsimplyU.K.JPeopleEnglandisthelargestandmostpopulous,almostaquarterofthepeoplelivesinEngland’sprosperousandfertilesoutheast,withover7millioninthecapital.ThemajorityofthepopulationaredescendantsoftheAnglo-Saxons,
4、aGermanicpeoplefromEuropewhowenttoEnglandbetweenthe5thand7thcenturies.ThesepeoplesettledinEnglandanddrovethenativeCelticpeopletothemountainousareasofWalesandScotland.Theirlanguagebecametheofficiallanguageofthecountry.MostpeopleinWalesandScotlandaredescendantsoftheCelticpeop
5、lewhoweretheearliestknowninhabitantsofBritain.TheIrishpeoplewerealsoofCelticorigin.Aboutahundredyearsago,asaresultofitsimperialistexpansion,Britainruledanempirethathadonefourthoftheworld’speopleandaquarteroftheworld’slandarea.JGeographicalFeaturesThereare3politicaldivisions
6、ontheislandofGreatBritain:England,ScotlandandWales.TheislandofIrelandisdividedinto2parts:NorthernIrelandandtheRepublicofIreland.Britainhas,forcenturies,beenslowlytiltingwiththeNorth-WestslowlyrisingandtheSouth-Eastslowlysinking.ThenorthandwestofBritainaremainlyhighlands;the
7、eastandsouth-eastaremostlylowlands.Thereare3naturalzonesofScotland:theHighlandsinthenorth,thecentralLowlands,andthesouthernUplands.ThehighestmountaininBritainisBenNevis(1,343m),locatedinScotland.ThelongestriverofBritain,theSevernRiver,whichis354kmslong,originatesinmid-Wales
8、andflowsthroughwesternEnglandtotheBristolChannel.ThelargestlakeinU.K,LoughNeagh,is
