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1、應用生態(tài)學報2014年8月第25卷第8期ChineseJournalofAppliedEcology,Aug.2014,25(8):2267-2274減量施氮對玉米一大豆套作體系土壤氮素殘留和氮肥損失的影響:l=劉小明雍太文劉文鈺蘇本營宋春楊峰王小春楊文鈺(四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學農(nóng)學院農(nóng)業(yè)部西南作物生理生態(tài)與耕作重點實驗室,成都611130;四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學資源環(huán)境學院生態(tài)環(huán)境研究所,成都611130)摘要通過田間試驗,研究了玉米單作、大豆單作、玉米一大豆套作3種種植模式和不施氮、減量施氮(180kgN·hm)、常量施氮(240kgN·hm)3種施氮水平對玉米和大豆植株
2、氮素吸收、土壤氮素殘留和氮肥損失的影響.結(jié)果表明:玉米一大豆套作體系下,施氮提高了玉米土壤中殘留的NO一N、NH4+-N含量,但在大豆土壤中則降低.與單作相比,玉米套作的土壤氮素殘留量增加,氮肥損失量降低,大豆套作的土壤氮素殘留量和氮肥損失量均降低.減量施氮處理下,玉米.大豆套作系統(tǒng)的氮肥殘留率、損失率和氨揮發(fā)損失率分別比玉米單作低17.7%、21.5%和0.4%,比大豆單作高2.0%、19.8%和0.1%.與常量施氮相比,減量施氮降低了玉米.大豆套作系統(tǒng)的氮肥殘留量、殘留率、損失量和損失率,同時還降低了由氨揮發(fā)所引起的氮肥損失,其中氮肥殘留率、損失率和氨
3、揮發(fā)損失率分別降低12.O%、15.4%和1.2%.關(guān)鍵詞玉米一大豆套作減量施氮氮素殘留氮肥損失氨揮發(fā)文章編號1001—9332(2014)08—2267—08中圖分類號$147.3,S181文獻標識碼AEfectofreducedNapplicationonsoftNresidueandNlossinmaize-—soybeanrelaystt'ipin--tercroppingsystem.UUXiao—ruing,YONGTai—wen,LIUWen-yu,SUBen—ying,SONGChunI1。YANGFeng,WANGXiao—chun,YA
4、NGWen—yu(MinistryofAgricultureKeyLabora—toryofCropPhysiology,EcologyandCultivationinSouthwest,CollegeofAgronomy,SichuanAgri—culturalty,Chengdu611130,ina;InstituteofEcologicaZandEnvironmentafSciences,CollegeofResourcesandEnvironment,SichuanAgriculturalUniversity,Chengdu611130,Cina)
5、.一C.App1.Eco1.,2014,25(8):2267—2274.Abstract:Afieldexperimentwasconductedin2012,includingthreeplantingpattem(maize-soybeanrelaystripintercropping,mono-culturedmaizeandsoybean)andthreenitrogenapplicationlevel[0kgN·hm一,180kgN·hm一(reducedN)and240kgN·hm一(normalN)].Fieldswereassignedto
6、differenttreatmentsinarandomizedblockdesignwiththreereplicates.Theobiec.tiveofthisworkwastoanalyzetheeffectsofplantingpatternsandnitrogenapplicationratesonplantNuptake,soilNresidueandNloss.Afterfertilizationapplications,NHd.NandNO一一Nlevelsin—creasedinthesoilofintercroppedmaizebutd
7、ecreasedinthesoilofintercroppedsoybean.Com.paredwithmono—crops,thesoilNresidueandlossofintercroppedsoybeanwerereduced,whilethoseofintercroppedmaizewereincreasedanddecreased.respectively.WiththereducedrateofNapplication,Nresiduerate。Nlossrateandammoniavolatilizationlossrateofthemai
8、ze.soybeanintercroppingrelaystrip