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1、中國油料作物學(xué)報(bào)2014,36(1):084-091ChineseJournalofOilCropSciencesdoi:10.7505/j.issn.1007-9084.2014.01.013施肥方式對(duì)玉米-大豆套作體系氮素吸收利用效率的影響1,21,21,21,22,31,21,21,2雍太文,董茜,劉小明,劉文鈺,宋春,楊峰,王小春,楊文鈺(1.四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)農(nóng)學(xué)院,四川成都,611130;2.農(nóng)業(yè)部西南作物生理生態(tài)與耕作重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,四川成都,611130;3.四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)資源環(huán)境學(xué)院生態(tài)環(huán)境研究所,四川成都,61
2、1130)-2-2-2摘要:通過田間試驗(yàn)探討了A1(N,210kg·hm)、A2(N,270kg·hm)、A3(N,330kg·hm)3種施氮水平和距窄行玉米B1(0cm)、B2(15cm)、B3(30cm)、B4(45cm)4種施肥距離對(duì)玉米-大豆套作體系氮素吸收利用效率的影響。結(jié)果表明,與習(xí)慣施氮(A3)相比,減量施氮(A1、A2)提高了大豆R2、R5期單株根瘤數(shù)、根瘤干重和根瘤固氮潛力,以距玉米15cm處施肥的根瘤固氮能力較強(qiáng);玉米、大豆的籽粒產(chǎn)量、地上部植株氮素吸收量和氮肥利用率隨施氮量的增加呈先增加再降低的趨勢(shì)
3、,以A2處理的最高;施肥距離過大和過小均不利玉米、大豆產(chǎn)量的提高和氮素的吸收利用,以距玉米15~30cm處施肥效果最佳;減量施氮18%(A2)時(shí),B2、B3處理相對(duì)常規(guī)穴施(B1)處理,玉米、大豆及玉米-大豆系統(tǒng)的籽粒產(chǎn)量、植株氮素吸收量、氮肥利用率和土壤總氮含量均顯著提高,土壤氮素貢獻(xiàn)率顯著降低。關(guān)鍵詞:玉米-大豆套作體系;施肥方式;氮素吸收利用;根瘤固氮;產(chǎn)量中圖分類號(hào):S147.3,S344.3文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A文章編號(hào):1007-9084(2014)01-0084-08EffectofNapplicationmeth
4、odsonNuptakeandutilizationefficiencyinmaize-soybeanrelaystripintercroppingsystem1,21,21,21,2YONGTai-wen,DONGQian,LIUXiao-ming,LIUWen-yu,2,31,21,21,2SONGChun,YANGFeng,WANGXiao-chun,YANGWen-yu(1.CollegeofAgronomy,SichuanAgriculturalUniversity,Chengdu611130,China;2
5、.KeyLaboratoryofCropPhysiology,EcologyandCultivationinSouthwest,MinistryofAgriculture,Chengdu611130,China;3.InstituteofEcologicalandEnvironmentalSciences,CollegeofResourcesandEnviroment,SichuanAgriculturalUniversity,Chengdu611130,China)Abstract:Toinvestigatetheef
6、fectofNapplicationmethodsonNuptakeandutilizationefficiencyinthemaize-soybeanrelaystripintercroppingsystem,afieldexperimentwasconductedwiththreeNapplicationrates(N,-2210,270and310kg·hm,whichisconsideredasthreeNtreatments,anddenotedasA1,A2andA3,respectively)andfou
7、rfertilizationapplieddistances(thedistancebetweenthefertilizationdotandthenarrowrowcornoffourtreatmentswere0,15,30,45cm,denotedasB1,B2,B3andB4,respectively).TheresultsshowedthatatthetreatmentsofA1andA2,thenumber,dryweightandthepotentialnitrogenfixationofnodulesfo
8、reachplantwerehigherthanthoseofconventionalNapplicationrate(A3)atthestagesofR2andR5.Atthesametime,thenodulesnitrogenaseabilityoftreatmentB2wasmorethanthoseofot