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1、句子成分概念：組成句子的各個部分，即主語、謂語、賓語、表語、賓語補足語、定語和狀語，主語和謂語是句子的主體部分。主語主語是謂語講述的對象，表示所說的“是什么”或“是誰”。一般由名詞、代詞、不定代詞或相當于名詞的單詞或短語來充當，也有從句充當?shù)默F(xiàn)象。大多數(shù)主語都在句首。主語（subject）:句子敘述的主體，一般位于句首Thesunrisesintheeast.（名詞）Helikesdancing.（代詞）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(數(shù)詞)Seeingisbelieving.（動名詞）講述“誰
2、”Weworkinabigfactory.講述“什么”Theclassroomisverybig.數(shù)詞作主語Threeareenough.三個人就夠了不定式作主語TooperateontheblindisoneoftheORBISDoctor’sjob.從句作主語Whatweneedisfood.我們最需要的是食物.在“Therebe…”句型中，主語的位置在中間。如：Therearesomebottlesofmilkinthebox.在個別句型中，主語在整個句子后面，這時前面用it作形式主語。如：Itisveryinteresti
3、ngtoplaythegamecalled“treatortrick”.Ittooktwoworkersaboutthreemonthstobuildthehouse.Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.（主語從句）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.形式主語真正主語It=thattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatreeTherichshouldhelpthepoor.名詞化的形容詞1.Do
4、exerciseisgoodforyourhealth.2.Eattoomuchmeatisbadforyourhealth.V.不能做主語！指出下列句中主語的中心詞①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.介詞不能作主語②Thereisanoldmancominghere.Thereisanappleonthetable.Anappleisthereonthetable.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastye
5、ar. ④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.找出下面句子的主語1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou.3.Cleaningthehouseneedsalotoftime.主語小測單選：1.Marywithhertwodaughters_____goingtoShanghaiforExplo2010nextmonth.A.areB.wasC.isD.were2.__
6、__moreexercisedoesgoodtoyourhealth.A.DoB.DoesC.DidD.Doing3.____isimpossibletofinishthisjobbeforeWednesday.A.ThatB.ThisC.ItD.They謂語：說明主語是什么，做什么或怎么樣。由動詞充當，主語和謂語在人稱和數(shù)上必須保持一致。謂語動詞存在多種時態(tài)，它是句子的核心。Heisverygenerous.ShelooksverysmartandcoolWehavefinishedthejob.HecanspeakGerman
7、.謂語（predicate）:是對主語加以陳述，表示主語的行為或狀態(tài)，常用動詞或者動詞詞組擔任，放在主語的后面。Iloveyou!Theywenttosleepverylatelastnight.Hepractisesrunningeverymorning.Theplanetookoffat10o’clock.Howoftendoyougoshopping?Whydidn’tyoucomebacklastnight?簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構成Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughta
8、badcough.Wearesudents.Thatideasoundsgreat!復合謂語：1.情態(tài)動詞助動詞+v2.系動詞+adj.Openthedoor,please!Goandgetsomewaterforme.Don’tlaughato
