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1、人民黃河Vo1.34,No.10第34卷第10期2012年1O月YELLOWRIVEROet..2012【水文·泥沙】三門峽水庫降水沖刷機(jī)理與規(guī)律研究李昆鵬,馬懷寶,王瑞,王巖(1.黃河水利科學(xué)研究院水利部黃河泥沙重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,河南鄭州450003;2.開封市環(huán)境監(jiān)測站,河南開封475000)摘要:根據(jù)三門峽水庫降水沖刷實(shí)測資料,分析河床形態(tài)調(diào)整及其過程、出庫含沙量過程等與來水來沙條件、庫區(qū)蓄水狀態(tài)及其變化過程的響應(yīng)關(guān)系,研究庫區(qū)水沙運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律,探討力與水協(xié)同作用下降水沖刷機(jī)理與關(guān)鍵影響因素。研究表明:①三門峽水
2、庫滯洪排沙期6個(gè)沖刷時(shí)段沖刷集中在黃淤12一黃淤36河段,受水庫調(diào)度和排沙能力的影響,最大輸沙強(qiáng)度出現(xiàn)在流量2000~3000m/s;②壩前水位從302nl下降到295m時(shí),庫區(qū)沖刷效果最好,如果水位再降低,沖刷效果并不顯著;③利用清華大學(xué)與陜西水科所公式計(jì)算輸沙率,在選擇系數(shù)值時(shí),需具體分析水庫的淤積物組成、沖刷發(fā)展的程度等影響因素。關(guān)鍵詞:降水沖刷;滯洪排沙;敞泄排沙;沖淤形態(tài);輸沙率;三門峽水庫中圖分類號(hào):TV145;TV142文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:Adoi:10.3969/j.issn.1000—1379.20
3、12.10.008ResearchonWaterLevelDownfallErosionMechanismandLawofSanmenxiaReservoirLIKun—peng,MAHuai—bao,WANGRui,WANGYan(1.KeyLaboratorytheYellowRiverSedimentofMinutryofWaterResource,YellowRiverInstituteofHydraulicResearch,Zhengzhou450003,China;2.KaifengEnviron
4、mentalMonitoringStation,Kaifeng475000,China)Abstract:AccordingtothedataofwaterleveldownfallerosioninSanmenxiaReservoir,thepaperanalyzedtheresponserelationbetweenriverbedaajustment,outletsedimentconcentrationandincomingwaterandsedimentconditionandwaterstorag
5、e,studiedthemovementlawofwaterandsedimentinreservoiranddiscussedwaterleveldownfal1erosionmechanismandkeyinfluencingfactorsunderthecooperativeactionofwaterandforce.Theresultsshowthat:①duringSanmenxiaReservoirflooddetentionanddesiltingperiod,scouringisconcent
6、ratedbetweenthecrosssectionfromNo.12toNo.36insixtimeintervals.Affectedbythereservoirregulationandsandreleasecapacity,maximumsedimenttransportintensityap—pearswhenthedischargeisbetween2000and300013:1/s.②Whenwaterlevelinfrontofdamdecreasesfrom302mto295m,thefl
7、ushingper-formanceisthebest.Ifthewaterlevelfurtherdecreases,theflushingisnotsignificantanymore.③UsingtheformulaofTsinghHaUniversityandShanxiWaterInstitutetocalculatethesedimenttransportrate,influencefactorslikereservoirdepositioncompositionandthedegreeofsco
8、uring,itshouldspecificallyanalyzethevalueofcoeficientwhenitisselected.TheresearchresultscanbesuppliedforreferencesforreservoirregulationandsedimentationreductioninXiaolangdiReservoir.Keywords:waterleve