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1、比較基因組學(xué)與分子進(jìn)化Comparativegenomicsandmolecularevolution11/3/2019比較基因組學(xué)與分子進(jìn)化在生命科學(xué)研究中應(yīng)用及貢獻(xiàn)1.模式生物測(cè)序的意義模式生物DNA測(cè)序技術(shù)2.新學(xué)科的快速誕生3.推動(dòng)物種起源和生物進(jìn)化發(fā)展4.研究思路和方法突破GeneticsVSReversegeneticsBreakthroughandmilestoneforgenomiceraNewfieldsofbiologyopenupGeneticsVSReversegeneticsCaseanalysisinmodelo
2、rganismKeyPointofUnderstandingDevelopmentWhatGenesinvolvedinagivendevelopmentprocessHowthosegenes(andproteins)workatcellular/molecularlevelHowthosegenes(andproteins)activitiesareregulatedHowtoidentifyGenescriticalina givendevelopmentprocess1.Genetics:Whatwrongwithamutantla
3、ckingafunctionalgenetellsthenormalroleofthegene.Startwithmutants,thenthegene&howitworks2.Reversegenetics:Startingwithageneofknownidentity,modifyingitsexpressionoractivitytorevealitsdevelopmentfunctionFourmodelorganismsArabidopsisMouseDrosophilaC.elegansDrosophilamutantaffe
4、ctsWINGdevelopmentNormal(wildtype,WT)MutantArabidopsisseedlingdevelopmentWildtypeMutantWildtypeIndarknessInthelightWhyReversegenetics(Fromgenetophenotype/function)1.Manyundefinedgenesaresequencedduetotheadvancementofsequencetechnology2.Cancontrolwhere,when,andhowmuchanacti
5、vegeneproducttobemade3.Easytodesignspecificmutationsintothegeneproduct4.AddTAGstoageneproducttosimplifyitsstudywithinthecell5.CreatemutationongenethathasnoavailablemutationornotfeasibletohaveWhyReversegenetics:Fromgenetophenotype/function1.Manyunknowngenesaresequenceddueto
6、theadvancementofsequencetechnology2.Cancontrolwhere,when,andhowmuchanactivegeneproducttobemade3.Easytodesignspecificmutationsintothegeneproduct4.AddTAGstoageneproducttosimplifyitsstudywithinthecell5.Createmutationongenethathasnoavailablemutation3commonwaystocontrolwhere,wh
7、en,andhowmuchanactivegeneproductinacell2.GeneSilencingorAntisenseapproachtocontrolthelevelofmRNAofagivengene3.ExpressionofdesirableDominantAffectingMutantform1.Utilizationofdesirableregulatorysequencetodrivetheexpressionofyourgeneproductproteincodingregion5’controlregion3’
8、controlregion基因結(jié)構(gòu)(DNA)外顯子內(nèi)含子啟動(dòng)子25-30bpA-TC-GtttcagATCGTTAGgt正確剪接位點(diǎn)5‘3‘2-5kbattcagGATATTTC
