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1、比較基因組學與分子進化Comparativegenomicsandmolecularevolution11/3/2010比較基因組學與分子進化在生命科學研究中應用及貢獻1.模式生物測序的意義模式生物DNA測序技術2.新學科的快速誕生3.推動物種起源和生物進化發(fā)展4.研究思路和方法突破GeneticsVSReversegeneticsBreakthroughandmilestoneforgenomiceraNewfieldsofbiologyopenupGeneticsVSReversegeneticsCaseanalysisinmodelorganismKeyPointofU
2、nderstandingDevelopmentWhatGenesinvolvedinagivendevelopmentprocessHowthosegenes(andproteins)workatcellular/molecularlevelHowthosegenes(andproteins)activitiesareregulatedHowtoidentifyGenescriticalina givendevelopmentprocess1.Genetics:Whatwrongwithamutantlackingafunctionalgenetellsthenormalro
3、leofthegene.Startwithmutants,thenthegene&howitworks2.Reversegenetics:Startingwithageneofknownidentity,modifyingitsexpressionoractivitytorevealitsdevelopmentfunctionFourmodelorganismsArabidopsisMouseDrosophilaC.elegansDrosophilamutantaffectsWINGdevelopmentNormal(wildtype,WT)MutantArabidopsis
4、seedlingdevelopmentWildtypeMutantWildtypeIndarknessInthelightWhyReversegenetics(Fromgenetophenotype/function)1.Manyundefinedgenesaresequencedduetotheadvancementofsequencetechnology2.Cancontrolwhere,when,andhowmuchanactivegeneproducttobemade3.Easytodesignspecificmutationsintothegeneproduct4.
5、AddTAGstoageneproducttosimplifyitsstudywithinthecell5.CreatemutationongenethathasnoavailablemutationornotfeasibletohaveWhyReversegenetics:Fromgenetophenotype/function1.Manyunknowngenesaresequencedduetotheadvancementofsequencetechnology2.Cancontrolwhere,when,andhowmuchanactivegeneproducttobe
6、made3.Easytodesignspecificmutationsintothegeneproduct4.AddTAGstoageneproducttosimplifyitsstudywithinthecell5.Createmutationongenethathasnoavailablemutation3commonwaystocontrolwhere,when,andhowmuchanactivegeneproductinacell2.GeneSilencingorAntisenseapproachtocontrolthelevelofmRNAofagivengene
7、3.ExpressionofdesirableDominantAffectingMutantform1.Utilizationofdesirableregulatorysequencetodrivetheexpressionofyourgeneproductproteincodingregion5’controlregion3’controlregion基因結構(DNA)外顯子內含子啟動子25-30bpA-TC-GtttcagATCGTTAGgt正確剪接位點5‘3‘2-5kbattcagGATATTTC
