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1、FiguresofspeechFigurativeLanguagemetaphorAlliterationpersonificationsimileassonanceonomatopoeiaWordsareeitherliteralorfigurativeLiteral原意Wordsusedintheiroriginalmeaningsareusedliterally.Figurative比喻義Wordsusedinextendedmeaningsforthepurposeofmakingcomparisonsorcallinguppicturesinthereader’sorli
2、stener’smindareusedfiguratively.colourfulIn“acolourfulgarden”thewordcolourfulisusedinitsliteralsensetodescribethemanydifferentcoloursoftheflowersin“acolourfullife”or“acolourfulcareer”thewordisusedinitsfigurativesensebecauseneitherlifeorcareerhasanycolour.ThemostcommonfiguresofspeechSimile直喻Met
3、aphor暗喻What’sthedifference?Literal“Heranquicklydownthestreet.”Simile“Heranlikeaharedownthestreet.”Metaphor“Hehared(如野兔般疾走奔跑)downthestreet.”simileSimileisafigureofspeechinwhichtwoquitedifferentthingsarecomparedastheyseemsimilarinaway.Thiskindofcomparisonisnormallyintroducedby“l(fā)ike”or“as”.Simile
4、:awayofdescribingsomethingbycomparingitwithsomethingelseusing"like"or"as"Iamhungryasahorse.Yourunlikearabbit.Heissneakyasasnake.Sheishappyasaclam.ExampleofsimileThemysteriousobject...hasafacethat'sasroundasthemoonhashandslikegoldenarrowsisastallasatowerblockhasavoicelikeagong(鑼)andisasfamousas
5、anypopstar.BigBenExampleofsimileTimeflieslikeanarrowFruitflieslikeabanana(果蠅愛香蕉)metaphorAfigureofspeechwhichconsistsinsubstitutingforthenameofathingthenameofanattribute(屬性)ofitorofsomethingcloselyrelated.Animpliedcomparisonbetweentwoobjectsthataregenerallydifferentbutsharearecognizablesimilari
6、tywithouttheuseof“l(fā)ike”or“as”.Metaphor:AwayofdescribingsomethingbycomparingittosomethingelseThegirlwasafishinthewater.Theclownwasafeatherfloatingaway.Plato“…thegreatestthingbyfaristobeamasterofmetaphor.Itistheonethingthatcannotbelearntfromothers,anditisalsoasignofgenius,sinceagoodmetaphorimpli
7、esanintuitiveperception(直覺)ofthesimilarityindissimilars.”ExampleofmetaphorLifeisayo-yo(喲喲球).It'saseriesofupsanddowns.MixedmetaphorsOnedangerinusingmetaphorsisthepossibilityofbeginningwithonecomparisonandendingwithanotherThisiscalledamix