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1、摘要隨著我國社會經(jīng)濟的不斷發(fā)展,汽車行業(yè)也隨之蓬勃發(fā)展,公路交通呈現(xiàn)出車流密集化和駕駛員非職業(yè)化的趨勢,因此交通事故越來越多。本文設計的汽車防撞雷達,就是當汽車與障礙物的距離較近時即可向司機預先發(fā)出報警信號,可及時有效的防止交通事故的發(fā)生。該汽車防撞雷達是以MCS-51系列單片機為核心器件,結合比較常規(guī)的超聲波測距器件和霍爾車速傳感器以及價格低廉的電子元件組成,包括硬件設計和軟件設計兩部分。硬件設計方面,通過超聲波對車輛行駛過程中的各種情況進行監(jiān)測,再用霍爾測速傳感器對車速進行檢測,同時為了提高測量精度,設置了溫度檢測電路;軟件設計方面,定時/計數(shù)器T0通過對發(fā)射到
2、接收超聲波的時間進行計時,定時/計數(shù)器T1是完成一秒鐘內(nèi)脈沖數(shù)的計數(shù),然后將所得數(shù)據(jù)送入控制單元,通過單片機對檢測結果進行處理分析并做出相應的判斷。當探測到存在潛在碰撞危險時,單片機及時驅(qū)動報警系統(tǒng)向駕駛員發(fā)出語音提示及報警信號以提醒駕駛員采取控制措施以避免交通事故的發(fā)生,從而實現(xiàn)了汽車防撞控制的目的。本系統(tǒng)具有低誤差、高精度和低成本的特點。該系統(tǒng)的應用可以保證運行車輛的安全性,提高公路運輸效率,具有廣泛的應用前景和經(jīng)濟前景。關鍵詞:單片機;超聲波測距;報警系統(tǒng);防撞雷達AbstractWiththedevelopmentofoursocialeconomy,the
3、automobileindustryisdeveloping,too.Thetraffictendstobetraffic-intensiveanddriver-unprofessional,sotrafficaccidentsincreasedramatically.Theautomobileanti-collisionradarisdesignedforsendingalarmsignalinadvancewhenitisneartoobstacle,itcanpreventtheoccurrenceoftrafficaccidentstimelyandeffe
4、ctively.Theautomobileanti-collisionradartakestheMCS-51chipforcentrecontrolunit,integratewithconventionalultrasonicrangingdevice,hallsensorandcheaperelectroniccomponents.Itincludeshardwaredesignandsoftwaredesign.Inthedesignofhardware,thedistanceofautomobileandobstacleismeasuredbyultraso
5、nic,andtheautomobilevelocityismeasuredbyhallsensor,atthesametimethetemperaturedetectioncircuitissetinordertoimprovethemeasurementaccuracy;inthedesignofsoftware,timer/counterT0calculatesultrasonictimefromlaunchtoreceive,timer/counterT1countspulseinasecond,afterthattransmitsmeasuredatato
6、controlunit,thenmeasurerusultsareanalyzedthroughsingle-chipmicrocomputerandgivescorrespondingjudge.Whenpotentialriskofcollisionisdetected,single-chipmicrocomputerwilldrivealarmsystemthatsendvoicepromptsandalarmsignalsfordrivertoremindthedrivertotakecontrolmeasuresinordertoavoidtheoccur
7、renceoftrafficaccidents.thusrealizethepurposeofanti-collisionforautomobile.Thesystemhascharacteristicsuchaslowerroneous,highaccuracyandlowcost.Theapplicationofthissystemmayguaranteesafetyofrunningautomobile.Itcanraisetransportefficiency,andhasgreatapplicationandeconomictrend.KeyWords