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1、第八章高分子材料Chapter8Polymer1.名詞解釋Explainthefollowingconcepts.1)高聚物:一般是指分子量在1500以上，分子長度超過5nm的有機大分子材料。Polymer:generallyreferstoorganicmacromoleculeswithmolecularweightmorethan1500,andthelengthofmoleculeismorethan5nm.2)低聚物:又叫寡聚物或齊聚物。一般是指分子量在1500以下，分子長度不超過5納米，重復單元數(shù)只有幾個到十幾個的聚合物。oligomer:generallyrefersto
2、themoleculesconsistsofafewmonomerunits,withmolecularweightbelow1500,andthemolecularlengthisnotmorethan5nm.3)聚合度:指聚合物大分子中重復結構單元的數(shù)目，亦稱鏈節(jié)數(shù)，用n表示。)degreeofpolymerization:thenumberofrepeatingstructuralunitsinthemacromolecules,alsoknownasthenumberoflinks,denotedasn.4)熱固性:指高分子材料在加熱時不能軟化和反復塑制，也不在溶劑中溶解的性能
3、。Thermosettingproperty:referstotheperformanceofpolymermaterialsthatcannotsoftenwhenheated,betreatedrepeatedly,anddissolveinsolvents.5)熱塑性:指高分子材料加工固化冷卻以后，再次加熱仍可反復加工成型的性質。Thermoplasticity:propertyofpolymersthatcanbeprocessedrepeatedlywhenheatedaftertheywerecuringandcooling.6)等規(guī)立構：指高分子側鏈上取代基全部處在主鏈平
4、面一側或高分子全部由一種旋光異構單元鍵接而成的高分子結構。Isotactic:referstothestructurethatsidechainsubstituentslieinonesideofthemainchainofpolymer,orthepolymerconsistsofoneopticalisomersunits.7)間規(guī)立構:是指取代基交替地處于平面兩側或者由兩種旋光異構單元交替鍵接而成的高分子結構。Syndiotactic:substituentsliealternatelyonbothsidesofthemainchain,orthepolymerconsistso
5、ftwoopticalisomersunitsalternately.8)光刻膠:又叫光致刻蝕劑，指當受到光照后即發(fā)生交聯(lián)或分解反應，溶解性發(fā)生改變的一種聚合物光子材料。photoresist:alsoknownaslight-inducedetchingagent,referstoakindofphotonicmaterialsthatoccurcross-linkingordecompositionreactionwhichresultsinachangeofsolubilitywhentheywereilluminatedbylight.1)光引發(fā)劑:是指在紫外光區(qū)間（250～4
6、50nm）或可見光區(qū)間（400~800nm）有一定吸光能力，吸收光能后，分子從基態(tài)躍遷到活潑的激發(fā)態(tài)，經(jīng)歷單分子或雙分子化學作用后，產(chǎn)生能夠引發(fā)單體聚合的活性碎片，可以是自由基、陽離子、陰離子或離子自由基。photoinitiator:referstoagentsthatcanabsorbUVlight(250~450nm)orvisiblelight(400~800nm),andmoleculestransferformgroundstatetotheexcitedstates,experienceasinglemoleculeorbimolecularchemicalreactio
7、nandproducefreeradical,cationic,anionicorionicradicalthatcaninducemonomertopolymerize..1.聚合物的分子量概念如何理解?一般有多少種平均分子量?它們的大小關系如何?Howtounderstandtheconceptofmolecularweightofpolymer?Howmanyaveragemolecularweightsareincluded?Howis
