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1、免疫Immuneresponse:theresponsemadebythehosttodefenditselfagainsttheintroductionofforeignsubstances.Antigen:Anantigenisanyagentcapableofbindingspecificallytocomponentsofimmunesystem,suchasBCRandsolubleantibodiesImmunogen-Asubstancethatinducesaspecificimmuneresponse.(Allimmunogensareant
2、igens,butnotallantigensareimmunogens)Antigenicity:Theabilityofacompoundtobindwithantibodiesorcellsoftheimmunesystem.Thisbindingishighlyspecific.ImmunogenicityImmunogenicity?istheabilityofaparticularsubstance,suchasan?antigen?or?epitope,toprovokeaspecific?immuneresponse?inthebodyofah
3、umanoranimal.Hapten半抗原：Ahaptenisasmallmoleculewhichcanelicitanimmuneresponseonlywhenattachedtoalargecarriersuchasaprotein;thecarriermaybeonewhichalsodoesnotelicitanimmuneresponsebyitself.EpitopeEpitopeistheportionoftheantigenthatbindsspecificallywiththebindingsiteofanantibodyorarece
4、ptoronalymphocyte.TI-AgThymus-independentantigensareantigenswhichcandirectlystimulatetheBcellstoproduceantibodywithouttherequirementforTcellhelpingeneral.TD-AgThymus-dependentantigensarethosethatdonotdirectlystimulatetheproductionofantibodywithoutthehelpofTcellsSuperantigenAnantigen
5、whichpolyclonallyactivatessomesubtypesoftheTcells(upto20%).Adjuvants:Asubstancethatwhenmixedwithanimmunogen,enhancestheimmuneresponseagainsttheimmunogen.ImmunoglobulinTheImmunoglobulinsareglobulinwhichfunctionasantibodiesorsimilartoantibodiesinchemicalstructure.Complementaritydeterm
6、iningregion(CDR)互補決定區(qū)：Acomplementaritydeterminingregion(CDR)isashortaminoacidsequencefoundinthevariabledomainsofantigenreceptor(e.g.immunoglobulinandTcellreceptor)proteinsthatcomplementsanantigenandthereforeprovidesthereceptorwithitsspecificityforthatparticularantigen.Complement：Agr
7、oupofserumproteinsinvolvedinthecontrolofinflammation,theactivationofphagocytesandthelyticattackoncellmembranes.Itbelongstotheinnateimmunesystem,andcanberecruitedandbroughtintoactionbytheadaptiveimmunesystem.CommonreceptorsubunitThereissamereceptorsubunitforcytokinesignalingamongthed
8、ifferentcytokinerec
