資源描述：
《宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) ppt課件.ppt》由會(huì)員上傳分享，免費(fèi)在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在教育資源-天天文庫。
1、N.GregoryMankiwMacroeconomicsPrinciplesofSixthEditionInthischapter, lookfortheanswerstothesequestions:Whatareeconomists’tworoles?Howdotheydiffer?Whataremodels?Howdoeconomistsusethem?WhataretheelementsoftheCircular-FlowDiagram?Whatconceptsdoesthediagramillustrate?HowistheProductionPossibilitiesFro
2、ntierrelated toopportunitycost?Whatotherconceptsdoesitillustrate?Whatisthedifferencebetweenmicroeconomicsandmacroeconomics?Betweenpositiveandnormative?TheEconomistasScientistEconomistsplaytworoles:1.Scientists:trytoexplaintheworld2.Policyadvisors:trytoimproveitInthefirst,economistsemploythescient
3、ificmethod, thedispassionatedevelopmentandtestingoftheoriesabouthowtheworldworks.Assumptions&ModelsAssumptionssimplifythecomplexworld, makeiteasiertounderstand.Example:Tostudyinternationaltrade, assumetwocountriesandtwogoods.Unrealistic,butsimpletolearnand givesusefulinsightsabouttherealworld.Mod
4、el:ahighlysimplifiedrepresentationof amorecomplicatedreality. Economistsusemodelstostudyeconomicissues.SomeFamiliarModelsAroadmapSomeFamiliarModelsAmodelofhuman anatomyfromhigh schoolbiologyclassSomeFamiliarModelsAmodelairplaneSomeFamiliarModelsThemodelteethatthedentist’sofficeDon’tforgettofloss!
5、OurFirstModel:TheCircular-FlowDiagramTheCircular-FlowDiagram:avisualmodeloftheeconomy,showshowdollarsflowthroughmarketsamonghouseholdsandfirmsTwotypesof“actors”:householdsfirmsTwomarkets:themarketforgoodsandservicesthemarketfor“factorsofproduction”FactorsofProductionFactorsofproduction:theresourc
6、estheeconomyusestoproducegoods&services,includinglaborlandcapital(buildings&machinesusedinproduction)FIGURE1:TheCircular-FlowDiagramHouseholds:Ownthefactorsofproduction, sell/rentthemtofirmsforincomeBuyandconsumegoods&servicesHouseholdsFirmsFirms:Buy/hirefactorsofproduction, usethemtoproducegoods
7、andservicesSellgoods&servicesFIGURE1:TheCircular-FlowDiagramMarketsforFactorsofProductionHouseholdsFirmsIncomeWages,rent,profitFactorsofproductionLabor,land,capitalSpendingG&SboughtG&SsoldRevenueMarketsforGoods&Service
