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1、宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)課件TheClassicalLong-RunModelEconomistssometimesdisagreewitheachotherActuallymuchmoreagreementexistsamongeconomiststhanthereappearstobeOncedistinctionbetweenlong-runandshort-runbecomesclearManyapparentdisagreementsamongmacroeconomistsdissolveIfnotimehorizonisspecified,h
2、owever,aneconomistislikelytofocusonhorizonheorshefeelsismostimportantSomethingaboutwhicheconomistssometimesdodisagree2TheClassicalLong-RunModelIdeally,wewouldlikeoureconomytodowellinbothlong-runandshort-runUnfortunately,thereisoftenatrade-offbetweenthesetwogoalsDoingbetter
3、inshort-runcanrequiresomesacrificeoflong-rungoals,andviceversaPolicesthatcanhelpussmoothouteconomicfluctuationsmayproveharmfultogrowthinthelong-runWhilepoliciesthatpromiseahighrateofgrowthmightrequireustoputupwithmoreseverefluctuationsinshort-run3AssumptionsoftheClassicalM
4、odelMarket-clearingassumptionprovideshintaboutwhyclassicalmodeldoesabetterjoboverlongertimeperiods(severalyearsormore)thanshorteronesWe’lluseclassicalmodeltoansweravarietyofimportantquestionsabouteconomyinlong-run,suchasHowistotalemploymentdetermined?Howmuchoutputwillwepro
5、duce?Whatroledoestotalspendingplayintheeconomy?Whathappenswhenthingschange?7HowMuchOutputWillWeProduce?Howcanwedisentanglewebofeconomicinteractionsweseearoundus?Decidewhichmarketormarketsbestsuittheproblembeinganalyzed,andIdentifybuyersandsellersIdentifytypeofenvironmentin
6、whichtheytradeButwhichmarketshouldwestartwith?LogicalstartismarketforresourcesLabor,landandnaturalresources,capitalandentrepreneurshipWe’llconcentrateourattentiononlaborOurquestionisHowmanyworkerswillbeemployedintheeconomy?8Figure1:TheLaborMarket9TheLaborMarketLaborsupplyc
7、urveslopesupwardBecause—aswagerateincreases—moreandmoreindividualsarebetteroffworkingthannotworkingThus,ariseinwagerateincreasesnumberofpeoplewhowanttowork—tosupplytheirlaborAswagerateincreaseseachfirmwillfindthat—tomaximizeprofit—itshouldemployfewerworkersthanbeforeWhenal
8、lfirmsbehavethiswaytogetherariseinwageratewilldecreasequantityoflabordemandedThisiswhyeco
