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1、中考化學(xué)復(fù)習(xí)溶液專(zhuān)題強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練(1)一、選擇題1.將40℃時(shí)含有少量未溶解的Ca(OH)2飽和石灰水,降溫到20℃時(shí),使之變成不飽和,這時(shí)溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)(???)A.減小???????B.變大???????C.不變???????D.無(wú)法判斷2.20℃時(shí),有x,y,z三瓶質(zhì)量相等的硝酸鉀飽和溶液,若將x溶液降低溫度到10℃,將y溶液蒸發(fā)掉5g水,使之成為高溫下的不飽和溶液,從z溶液中取出一半,則此時(shí),x,y,z三瓶溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)之間的關(guān)系是(???)A.y>x>z????????B.y>z>x????????C.z>y
2、>x????????D.x>y>z3.20℃時(shí),飽和食鹽水的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為26.5%,在20℃時(shí)將25g食鹽放入50g水中充分溶解,所得溶液的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為(???)A.26.5%????????B.33.3%????????C.25%??????????D.12.5%4.50℃時(shí)150g溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為33%的NH4Cl飽和溶液,若恒溫蒸發(fā)掉50g水,所得溶液溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為(???)A.33%????????B.30%????C.25%??????D.20%?5.將一定量NaOH溶于487.5g水中,制成500mL密度為1.25g
3、/cm3的溶液.該溶液的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)是(???)A.25.6%????????B.25%?????????C.78%??????????D.22%?6.有50g質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為5%的NaCl溶液,若將其質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)增加一倍,應(yīng)采取的方法是(???)A.加入2.5gNaCl固體???????????B.加入50g質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為5%的NaCl溶液C.把溶劑蒸發(fā)掉一半????????????D.把溶劑蒸發(fā)掉25g?7.配制500mL10%氫氧化鈉溶液(密度為1.1g/cm3)需氫氧化鈉和水各多少克(???)A.50g?490g????B.55g?49
4、5g????C.50g?450g????D.55g?450g?8.某硫酸溶液100g,把它與足量的鋅作用,制得氫氣0.4g,這種硫酸溶液的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)是(???)A.0.4%?????????B.9.8%?????????C.96%??????????D.19.6%9.欲將80g質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為20%的NaOH溶液稀釋到10%,需加水的質(zhì)量(???)A.800g?????B.80g?????C.8g??????D.0.8g?10.使100g10%的NaCl溶液變?yōu)?2.5%的NaCl溶液,需蒸發(fā)水(???)A.2.5??????B.5g
5、??????C.20g??????D.12.5g?11.從100g10%的NaCl溶液中取出10g,那么剩下的90gNaCl溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)是(???)A.1%?????B.9%???????C.10%???????D.11.1%12.25℃時(shí),某硝酸鉀溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為20%,則下列關(guān)系中錯(cuò)誤的是(???)A.溶質(zhì)∶溶劑=1∶4?????????????B.溶液∶溶質(zhì)=5∶1C.溶劑∶溶液=4∶5?????????????D.溶劑∶溶質(zhì)=5∶1?13.在100g20%的硝酸鉀溶液中加入100g水后,溶液中(???)A
6、.溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量增加了一倍???????????????B.溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)減小了一半C.溶劑質(zhì)量增加了一倍???????????????D.溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)增大了一倍?14.右圖中相交點(diǎn)p,表示a,b兩種物質(zhì)在t℃時(shí)(???)A.溶解度相同???????????????????????B.飽和溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量相等C.飽和溶液中溶劑的質(zhì)量相等?????D.溶解度相同,溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)不同?15.計(jì)算500mL,密度為1.1g/cm3的10%的氫氧化鈉溶液中所含溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量有以下四種計(jì)算式,正確的是(???)A.10%×1.1×???????
7、?????B.500cm3×1.1g/cm3×10%C.500÷1.1×10%(g)?????????????D.500×1.1(g)?16.某工廠的化驗(yàn)室需要配制5000g20%鹽酸,需要38%鹽酸(密度是1.19g/cm3)的體積為(???)A.2211毫升?????B.1000mL???????????C.2200mL???????????D.2632mL17.用Wga%的食鹽水配制b%的食鹽水(b8、????????D.計(jì)算→稱(chēng)量→蒸發(fā)18.現(xiàn)有5%的NaCl溶液50g(密度為1.19g/cm3),把它配成1%NaCl溶液,應(yīng)選用的一組儀器是(???)A.量筒???玻璃棒???燒杯??????????B.量筒???玻璃棒???藥匙C.燒杯???玻璃棒???托盤(pán)天平????