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1、c09BLBK148-KnightFebruary16,200920:5CharCount=AnnualPlantReviews(2009)36,211245www.interscience.wiley.comdoi:10.1111/b.9781405181891.2009.00009.xChapter9CARBONANDENERGYMETABOLISMMattiasThelander1,AndersNilsson2,andHansRonne21DepartmentofPlantBiologyandForestGenetics,SwedishUniversityof
2、AgriculturalSciences,UppsalaSE-75007,Sweden2DepartmentofMedicalBiochemistryandMicrobiology,UppsalaUniversity,UppsalaSE-75123,SwedenAbstract:Asinallorganisms,theprimarycarbonmetabolisminPhyscomitrellapatensprovidesthecellswithfreeenergyandbuildingblocksforthebiosynthesisofmacromolecules
3、.Inparticular,carbohydratesplayamajorroleingrowthanddevelopmentinmossesasinotherplants,sincetheyareusedforstorageandalloca-tionofcarbonandenergy.ReversegeneticsinP.patenshasrecentlymadeitpossibletoaddresssomekeyquestionsconcerningthecarbonandenergymetabolisminplants.Thesequestionsinclu
4、de:Howisthecellularenergystatussensedinordertobalanceanabolismversuscatabolism?Howdoescarbonandenergyallocationbe-tweencellsandtissueswork?Howiswhole-plantenergyhomeostasismaintained?Whatistheroleofsugarsinregulatinggrowthanddevelopment?And,?nally,howsimilarordifferentaretheseprocesses
5、inbryophytesandvascularplants?TherecentreleaseofthecompleteP.patensgenomesequencehasnowmadeitpossibletoaddressthelastquestionusingacomparativegenomicsapproach.Keywords:AMP-activatedproteinkinase;carbonmetabolism;energyhomeosta-sis;hexokinase;SNF1;sugartransport9.1IntroductionPrimarycar
6、bonmetabolismhastwoimportantfunctionsinalllivingorgan-isms:toprovidefreeenergyintheformofadenosine5-triphosphate(ATP),andtoprovidebuildingblocksforthebiosynthesisofmacromolecules.OneimportantsourceofATPproductioninallmitochondrialeukaryotesistheKrebscycleandoxidativephosphorylation,whe
7、recarbohydratesarefullyoxidizedtoCO2andH2Ointhemitochondria,butsubstrate211c09BLBK148-KnightFebruary16,200920:5CharCount=212AnnualPlantReviews,Volume36levelphosphorylationintheglycolyticpathwaycanalsocontributetoATPproduction.Inphotosyntheticorganismssuchasplants,alargeamountofATPis
