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1、1.IntroductionPublicprogramsaredesignedtoreachcertaingoalsandbene?ciaries.Methodstounderstandwhethersuchprogramsactuallywork,aswellasthelevelandnatureofimpactsonintendedbene?ciaries,aremainthemesofthisbook.HastheGrameenBank,forexample,succeededinloweringconsumptionpovertyamongtherura
2、lpoorinBangladesh?Canconditionalcash-transferprogramsinMexicoandotherLatinAmericancountriesimprovehealthandschoolingoutcomesforpoorwomenandchil-dren?DoesanewroadactuallyraisewelfareinaremoteareainTanzania,orisita“highwaytonowhere”?Docommunity-basedprogramsliketheThailandVillageFundpr
3、ojectcreatelong-lastingimprovementsinemploymentandincomeforthepoor?Programsmightappearpotentiallypromisingbeforeimplementationyetfailtogen-erateexpectedimpactsorbene?ts.Theobviousneedforimpactevaluationistohelppolicymakersdecidewhetherprogramsaregeneratingintendedeffects;topromoteacc
4、ountabilityintheallocationofresourcesacrosspublicprograms;andto?llgapsinunderstandingwhatworks,whatdoesnot,andhowmeasuredchangesinwell-beingareattributabletoaparticularprojectorpolicyintervention.Effectiveimpactevaluationshouldthereforebeabletoassesspreciselythemecha-nismsbywhichbene
5、?ciariesarerespondingtotheintervention.Thesemechanismscanincludelinksthroughmarketsorimprovedsocialnetworksaswellastie-inswithotherexistingpolicies.Thelastlinkisparticularlyimportantbecauseanimpacteval-uationthathelpspolicymakersunderstandtheeffectsofoneinterventioncanguideconcurrent
6、andfutureimpactevaluationsofrelatedinterventions.Thebene?tsofawell-designedimpactevaluationarethereforelongtermandcanhavesubstantialspillovereffects.Thisbookreviewsquantitativemethodsandmodelsofimpactevaluation.Thefor-malliteratureonimpactevaluationmethodsandpracticesislarge,withafew
7、usefuloverviews(forexample,BlundellandDias2000;Du?o,Glennerster,andKremer2008;Ravallion2008).Yetthereisaneedtoputthetheoryintopracticeinahands-onfash-ionforpractitioners.Thisbookalsodetailschallengesandgoalsinotherrealmsofevaluation,includingmonitoringandevaluation(M&E),operationalev
8、aluation,and
