2023年新高考英語壓軸題專項訓練 壓軸題03 閱讀理解之說明文（原卷版）

《2023年新高考英語壓軸題專項訓練 壓軸題03 閱讀理解之說明文（原卷版）》由會員上傳分享，免費在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在教育資源-天天文庫。

壓軸題03閱讀理解之說明文說明文是對事物或事理進行客觀說明的一種文體，它以說明為主要表達方式，通過解說事物或闡明事理，達到教人以知識的目的，在結(jié)構(gòu)上往往采用總分、遞進等方式按一定的順序（如時間、空間、從現(xiàn)象到本質(zhì)）進行說明。說明文的特點是客觀、簡練、語言準確、明了，文章很少表達作者的感情傾向。閱讀說明文的重點在于讀懂它說明的事物或事理，了解事物的性質(zhì)、構(gòu)造、成因、功能等，了解事理的含意、特點等。最近五年，說明文的出現(xiàn)變化不大，一直很穩(wěn)定，選材通常是各學科的前沿問題；高科技領域的科研成果；人們比較關(guān)心的社會問題；人文方面的經(jīng)典。由于閱讀理解題的設置采用漸進式，即由簡到難的方式，因此說明文是高考試卷中閱讀理解題中相對比較難的，通常后置。閱讀理解試題的中要考點之一是考查學生對詞匯和句式的掌握。說明文的詞匯和句式的運用較別的體裁的文章難度更大。詞匯運用靈活，同一詞的不同詞性的用法交替出現(xiàn)，未列入考綱的生詞較多，通常達到了4-5%。不過考生可以通過說明文的語言特點來幫助理解語篇，例如，下定義、解釋、舉例、同義詞、反義詞、上下義詞以及標點符號（如破折號、冒號都有表示解釋和說明）等。1．首尾處高考中的閱讀理解尤其是說明文和議論文，文章的結(jié)構(gòu)層次都非常規(guī)范，邏輯性都很強，這類文章的首尾段經(jīng)常是文章的主旨要義，而每段的首尾句經(jīng)常又是該段落的主題句。正因如此這些地方也就理所當然地成為了命題的重點所在。2．轉(zhuǎn)折處文章中的轉(zhuǎn)折處經(jīng)常是體現(xiàn)作者觀點或文章主題的地方，考生看到這些地方要重點關(guān)注并做上標記，以便做題時查找。常見的轉(zhuǎn)折詞語有：but,however,yet,still,infact,asamatteroffact,onthecontrary等。3．對比處文章中作者經(jīng)常將兩個事物、事實或觀點進行對比，以論證自己觀點的正確性，而命題者常將針對雙方的屬性進行設題，此類試題多是推理判斷題。常見的表示對比的標志性詞語有：unlike,bycontrast,(be)comparedwith,incomparison等。4．舉例處一般情況下在議論文和說明文中，作者都會通過例證的方式來說明某事物的功能作用或論證某種觀點，這些地方通常是設題的熱點區(qū)域。考生要牢記一般舉例的前后處即為該例子的論點，找到了論點也就找到了根源，做題也就有了依據(jù)。常見的標志性詞語有：like,suchas,forexample,forinstance,take...asanexample等。5．因果處

1因果關(guān)系闡明了兩事物的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，是作者進行分析或得出結(jié)論的地方。正因如此，命題者對這些地方非常青睞，通常命題者會將因果顛倒去迷惑考生。常見的詞語有：because,for,since,as,so,thus,therefore,consequently,cause,becauseof,dueto,thanksto,asaresult(of),resultin/from,leadto等。需要注意的是，有時候文章中雖未出現(xiàn)表示因果關(guān)系的詞語，但在邏輯上存在此種關(guān)系，此時考生就要根據(jù)實際情況去進行推理判斷，理清邏輯。6．特殊標點處文章的特殊標點符號處通常是作者表達特殊意圖的地方，也是命題者經(jīng)常設題處。因此，考生要對下列特殊標點符號格外留心：①破折號，其后的內(nèi)容通常為對前面內(nèi)容的解釋說明或補充，用來表明此處信息至關(guān)重要。但兩個破折號的作用通常為插入語，一般不會是重點信息所在；②冒號，主要用來對前面內(nèi)容進行解釋或總結(jié)。一般情況下，出現(xiàn)冒號考生重點關(guān)注冒號后的內(nèi)容即可；③括號，考生需要注意的是英文中的括號不同于中文的用法，中文里可跳過，但英文必須要認真閱讀。因為英文括號里的內(nèi)容通常用來解釋或強調(diào)括號前的內(nèi)容，是重點信息所在處。7．結(jié)論處當文章中出現(xiàn)theresearch/studyindicates,thereportsuggests等結(jié)論性表達時，考生要格外注意。因為命題者通常不考查實驗或研究的過程，卻關(guān)注其結(jié)果或結(jié)論，而這些地方恰恰是表達結(jié)果或結(jié)論的所在。8．觀點處文章的作者及文章中提到的相關(guān)人員對某人或事物表達的觀點態(tài)度通常會是命題的重點區(qū)域。做題時要注意doubt,appreciate,hate,beagainst/for,infavorof等詞語。（2023·黑龍江哈爾濱·哈爾濱三中?？家荒＃㏕heLostCity,Atlantisisamagnificentandancientcitylyingbeneaththewavesofthesea.Doesthissoundlikeafairytaletoyou?Manypeoplehavetriedandfailedtofindit.MichaelHubnerfromGermanythoughthehad.Letuslearnmoreaboutthisfascinatingcity.TheGreekphilosopherPlato,wholivedinthe4thcenturyBC,mentionedAtlantisindetailinhiswritings.HesaidthatAtlantiswasacitybuiltonanislandaround9,000yearsbeforehistime.Atlantisbecameapowerfulnationthatplannedtoconquerallothercountries.However,itdisappearedsuddenlybeneaththeseaintotheAtlanticOceanbecauseofearthquakesandfloods.Platogave51cluestoitslocation.Hedescribedthecityhavinganislandatthecenterandbeingsurroundedbyringsofwaterandland.HealsosaidhowfarthecitywasfromAthensinGreece.ManyexplorershadtriedandfailedtofindAtlantisunderthesea.TheyhadbeenlookingundertheseabecauseofwhatPlatowroteaboutit.AGermancomputerexpertcalledMichaelHubnercameupwiththetheorythatAtlantiswasnotatthebottomoftheocean.HethoughtthatAtlantishadbeendestroyedbyatsunamiwave.Thestrongforceofthewavewouldhavecausedtheendoftheoncegreatcity.MichaelHubnerlookedatallofPlato’scluesagain.Heusedacomputerprogramtoenteralltheinformation

2thatPlatowroteabout.Thecomputerprogramwouldcheckonamapoftheworldforaplacethatmatchedalltheclues.InthiswayMichaelHubnerwasabletofindtheplacethatAtlantismighthavebeen.ThecomputerprogrampointedtoaplaceontheMoroccancoastinAfrica,whichwascalledtheSouss-massaplain.MichaelHubnerimmediatelyboardedaplanetolookforhimself.Whenhegotthere,hewassurprisedtoseemanythingsthatmatchedPlato’sdescription.Therewasasmallmoundinthecentreoftheplainandcirculardryriverbeds.ItwasalsoveryclosetothedistancethatPlatohaddescribed.Weknowthatatsunamicanoccurifthereisanearthquake.TheareaoftheSouss-Massaplainhashadmanyearthquakesoveryears.MichaelHubner’stheorythatamassivetsunamihadflattenedthecityisnotimpossible.Thiswouldexplainwhyitdisappearedsosuddenly.EventhoughMichaelHubnerbelievedthathehadfoundthesiteofAtlantis,manyexpertsdisagreed.SomescholarshavesuggestedthatPlatomighthavebeenwritingaboutCreteandtheneighbouringislandofSantorini,whichwasbadlydestroyedbyavolcaniceruptionin1600BC．Othersfeelhemadeupthestoryandbaseditonoldlegends.MichaelHubnerbelievedPlato.HeusedhistimeandenergytoprovetohimselfthatAtlantisexistedandstoodproudlyalongtheMoroccancoast.1．WhichonefitsPlato’sdescriptionofAtlantis?A．Atlantiswasstruckbyearthquakesandfloods.B．AtlantiswasfarawayfromthecityAthensinGreece.C．Atlantiswasacitybuiltonanislandabout9,000yearsBC．D．Atlantisdisappearedbecauseitwasconqueredbymorepowerfulcountries.2．WhydidMichaelHubnergototheSouss-massaplain?A．Toexploreatsunamiwave.B．Toproveheisancomputerexpert.C．ToexplorethepossiblesiteofAtlantis.D．ToproveAtlantiswasdestroyedbyfloods.3．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsMichaelHubner’stheory?A．Doubtful.B．Opposed.C．Critical.D．Objective.4．Whatcanbelearnedfromthetext?A．Thelostcityprovedtobemerelyalegend.B．MichaelHubnerwascompletelyagainstPlato’sidea.C．LotsofexpertsstillquestionedMichaelHubner’stheory.D．Atlantiswasseverelyaffectedbyavolcaniceruptionin1600BC．

3（2023·河北唐山·統(tǒng)考一模）SchoolsintheUSandelsewhereareannouncingbansontherecentlyreleasedAI—poweredChatGPToutoffearthatstudentscouldusethetechnologytocompletetheirassignments.However,bansmaybepracticallyimpossiblegivenhowdifficultitistodetectwhentextiscomposedbyChatGPT.Isitinsteadtimetorethinkhowstudentsaretaughtandevaluated?EducatorsarestartingtoquestionwhatitmeanstoassessstudentlearningifanAIcanwriteanessayorpapersimilarto,orevenbetterthan,astudentwould—andtheteachercan’ttellthedifference.Manyteachersbelievethetime-honoredlearningtraditionwillbedestroyedfromthegroundupbyChatGPT.TheLosAngelesUnifiedSchoolDistrictinCaliforniafirstblockedtheuseofChatGPTonnetworksanddevicesinDecember2022.However,removingtechnologyfromtheclassroomcanmeanundesirableconsequences,suchascreatingmoreobstaclesforstudentswithdisabilities,saysTrust.Additionally,restrictingtheuseofChatGPTonschoolnetworksanddevicescan’tstopstudentsfromusingChatGPTathomeandinlibraries.Itisalsounclearifanti-cheatingsoftwarecanreliablydetectAI-assistedwriting.OpenAIisworkingtodevelopadigitalwatermarkthatcanhelpteachersandacademicsspotstudentswhoareusingChatGPTtowriteessays.OpenAI’sattemptstowatermarkAItext,however,hitlimits.InsteadofworryingabouthowChatGPTcouldenablecheating,educatorsshouldaskwhatmotivatesstudentstocheatinthefirstplaceandworkondevelopingrelationshipsoftrust,saysJesseStommelattheUniversityofDenverinColorado.“TalktostudentsreallyfranklyaboutwhatChatGPT’scapableof,whatit’snot,”saysStommel.“HavestudentsuseittowriteanessayaboutJaneAustenandgenderdynamics,andthenhavethemreadthatessayandpeerreviewitandthinkaboutwhatChatGPTgetsrightandwrong.”5．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestschoolsdo?A．Adjustteachingandassessment.B．Meetdifferentdemandsfromstudents.C．ProhibittheuseofChatGPTinclassrooms.D．Breakwiththetraditionalteachingmethod.6．Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A．DarkfutureofChatGPT.B．Educators’worryingconcern.C．Crisisoftraditionallearning.D．DifficultyintellingAI’swriting.7．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardOpenAI’swatermarktechnology?A．Amused.B．Hopeful.C．Shocked.D．Doubtful.

48．WhatcanbeinferredfromJesseStommel?A．AIhelpsstudentstellrightandwrong.B．Studentsshouldwriteaboutfamouswriters.C．EducatorsshouldguidestudentstouseAIproperly.D．Thetrustbetweenteachersandstudentsishardtoform.（2023·江蘇·統(tǒng)考二模）WhenshefirstcametoBritainasarefugee(難民)fromNigeriasixyearsago,Kemihadathree-month-olddaughter,aroominasharedhouseand￡5.39tosurviveoneachday.Findingmoneyfornewclotheswasoutofthequestion.Afterfouryears,Kemiwasgranted(給與)refugeestatusandsecuredherfirstjobinterview—unsurprisingly,shehadnothingtowear.However,shewasreferredtoasmallsocialenterprisecalledGiveYourBest,whichaskedherhersizeandwhatkindofclothessheliked.“Andtheygavemethreebeautifulshirts.Thoseclotheswerelikegoldtome.TheyaskedmewhatIactuallywanted.Thatmakesyoufeelvalued.”TheinitiativewaslaunchedbySolEscobar,whohadspentseveralyearsvolunteeringatrefugeecampsinnorthernFrance.Afriendputherincontactwithahouseholdofrefugeewomenwhocouldn’taccessanyclothing.Escobarrealisedshehadsurplus(剩余)clothesshecoulddonate,andappealedtoherfriendsandnetworksforhelp.Shewasfloodedwithoffers,butdidn’twanttooverloadthewomenwithpotentiallyimproperclothing.“SoIthought,ifItakephotosofalloftheseitemsandputthemonanInstagrampage,theycanallchoosethethingsthattheyactuallywant.”Eighteenmonthslater,GiveYourBesthasprocessedalmost11,000itemsofclothing,andhasmorethan800refugeewomenapprovedto“shop”forfreeonitsvirtualshopfront.Itisaimingformuchmore,however.HavingreachedtheverylimitofdonationsandrequestsitcouldhandlethroughInstagram,theenterprisehasjustlaunchedanewdigitalplatformthatwillallowittohugelyupscale.Likethehugelysuccessfulclothingresaleapp,clothesarephotographedanduploadedtoGiveYourBest,wherecustomersselectthosetheylikeanddonorsthenposttheitem.Crucially,however,nomoneychangeshands.Aswellasgivingchoicetoitsusersandminimisingfashionwaste,Escobarsaysoneconsequencehasbeenthesmallbutintimate(親密的)connectionsestablishedbetweendonorandshopper.Manydonorschoosetoincludeasupportivenoteandasmallgift—hugelywelcomedbyrecipients(接受者),butalsoareminderthat“ontheothersideofyourpackage,there’sawomanwhoisyoursizeandhasyourfashionsense,becauseshe’sshoppingfromyourwardrobe(衣櫥)”.9．What’sthepurposeoftheenterprise?

5A．Toofferjobtrainingtorefugees.B．Toprovidechildcareforrefugees.C．Togiverefugeesdignityofchoice.D．Tostrengthenrefugees’socialposition.10．Whatdoesparagraph3focuson?A．Howtheenterprisesurvived.B．Howtheenterpriseadvertised.C．Howtheenterprisewasnamed.D．Howtheenterprisewasinitiated.11．Whatdowelearnabouttheenterprisefromthetext?A．Itiswarmlyreceived.B．Itisdifficulttooperate.C．Itmakeshugeprofits.D．Itneedstobemorecreative.12．Whatdoestheenterprisebringtoitsdonorsandrecipients?A．Enjoyableshoppingexperience.B．Asenseofsocialresponsibility.C．Closeinterpersonalrelationship.D．Agoodinsightintofashiontrend.（2023·湖北·校聯(lián)考二模）Takealookatthattreeinthelocalpark.Whatmightitbefeeling?Coulditbethinking?Experimentsareexploringtheideaofplantcognition(認知),evengoingsofarastosuggesttheypossesssomeformofconsciousness.Aswildasitsounds,itisn’tanewidea.Thefieldof“plantneurobiology(神經(jīng)生物學)”beganin2006,aimedatunderstandinghowplantsprocessinformationfromtheirenvironment.Itisnowclearthatplantsarecapableofcomplexcommunicationandcansensetheirsurroundings,whichwereoriginallydismissed.Butadvocatesofplantconsciousnesstakethingsfurtheranddrawparallelsbetweentheelectricalsignalingthatcanbefoundfromroottostemandthatpresentinthenervoussystemofanimals.Theyclaimtoshowthatplantsarecapableofintentionallychoosingtoperformcertainbehaviors,oflearningandperhapsevenhavingpersonalities.Ifplantsareexperiencingaconsciousinnerworld,theyargue,itbecomesvitalthatwefindwaystotestandunderstandit.Extendingtheconceptofcognitiontoplantswouldmeanasignificantshiftinourviewoftheuniquenessof

6humanity,nottomentionhowwetreatourbotanicalfriends,sothebarofacceptanceishigh.Researchersrisingtothechallengearehopingtoexploreplantswithtoolsusuallyreservedforthehumanbrain.Theresearchcanappearpersuasive,butitisinitsearlystageandsuffersfromrepeatedfailure.Criticssaythefieldisahighguessandthatthebehaviourcanbeexplainedthroughinbornresponse.Whetherwedecidethatplantshavecognitionmaycomedowntoourabilitytodescribeconsciousnessitself-somethingwearefarfromdoing.Butratherthandismisstheidea,weshouldwelcomethechancetothinkupnewwaystotestourunderstandingofconsciousness.Itmightjustimproveourgraspofthehumanmind.Attheveryleast,ourtreesandplantsshouldbenefitfromtheextraattention-consciouslyornot.13．Whatdosupportersofplantconsciousnessbelieve?A．Plantscanonlyperformnativereaction.B．Plantscanperceivetheirsurroundingsandadapttothem.C．Plantspossessthesamelevelofconsciousnessashumans.D．Plantscancommunicatecomplicatedlyandchooseactionsdeliberately.14．Whatisthemainchallengeinacceptingtheideaofplantconsciousness?A．Theneedtodeveloptoolstotestplantcognition.B．Thedramaticchangeinourviewofhumanity.C．Thelackofevidenceinthefieldofplantneurobiology.D．Theinabilitytodescribeconsciousnessitself.15．Whatisthecurrentstateofresearchinthefieldofplantcognition?A．Thefieldishighlybasedonguessesandhasnoevidence.B．Researchersareusingtoolsreservedforthehumanbraintostudyplantbehaviors.C．Thereisnotenoughevidencetosupporttheideaofplantconsciousness.D．Plantshavebeenproventopossessaformofconsciousness.16．Whatisthepotentialbenefitofstudyingplantconsciousness?A．Enhancingourunderstandingofthehumanbrain.B．Developingnewwaystotestplantbehaviors.C．Promotingourrelationshipwithplants.D．Provingtheexistenceofplantcognition.（2023·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·江蘇省鎮(zhèn)江第一中學?？寄M預測）FaceApphastakentheworldbystorm,givingusersthechancetoseethemselvesagethroughitsalgorithm.12.7millionpeople—somethreemillionmorethanthepopulationofNewYorkCity—reportedlydownloadeditinaweeklastmonth.

7AlthoughtheRussianapphasbecomeknownforitsprivacyissues,themoreinterestinglessonofourFaceAppfling(盡情玩樂)iswhatittellsusaboutoursociety—andourfuturelives.Itturnsoutwearemoreinterestedinagingthanwerealized.Mostyoungerpeopleareindenialaboutoldage,doingalmostnothingtoprepareforit.Werarelyhaveachancetoplanforthefuture,withincreasingtimeandfinancialpressures.Thosepressuresbringsacrificeswemaynotalwayswanttomake:wecannolongeraffordtospendthetimeorthemoneyneededtolookafterourelderlyparents.Asafamilydoctor,Icanseethelonelinessepidemicdeveloping.Elderlypatientscometoseemewithnoparticularillness,noclearmedicalissue.AfterafewminutesoftheconsultationIunderstandwhy:theyarenotsick,andoftentheydon’tfeelsick.Theyjustneedsomeone—anyone—totalkto.Althoughlonelinesshasnomedicalclassification,thehealtheffectsarereal:lonelinessandisolationcanbeasharmfulassmoking15cigarettesaday,andismoredamagingthanobesity.Butlonelinessdoesnotcomewithnearlyenoughhealthwarnings.Sowhatnext?Since1980,wearelivingonaverage10yearslonger.Meanwhile,peoplearehavingfewerchildren,andtheyarehavingthemmuchlaterinlife.Thesnakeofaworldclasshealthserviceiseatingitsowntail;itscareisprolonging(延長)people’slives,butastherateofpensioners(退休人員)toworkingagepeopleincreases,therearefewertaxpayerstafundthatveryhealthservice.IntothisvoidhavesteppedNGOs,charitiesandvolunteers.Butinthelongterm,theonlywaytotrulyhelptheoldestmembersofoursocietyistogobacktothetraditionalvaluesofinter-generationalcooperation—oftenunderthesameroof.Ultimately,wewillneedtoevolvetowardsaculturewhereelderlycareIStreatedthesameaschildcare,whereemployersrecognizethedutyofsomeonewithanelderlyparentthesamewaytheyrecognizethoseofsomeonewithanewbornchild.17．What’sthewriter’sintentionofmentioningFaceAppinthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Toexplainitsfunctionindetail.B．Toproveitspopularityacrosstheworld.C．Toshowtherapidprogressoftechnology.D．Tointroducethetopicofagingandloneliness.18．Whatmakeselderlypeoplewithoutillnessgotoseetheirfamilydoctors?A．Desiretohavetheconsultation.B．Unclearmedicalissues.C．Strongfeelingofloneliness.D．Questionstoaskdoctors.19．Howcantheoldestmembersofoursocietybetrulyhelped?A．Bybeingprovidedwithfamilycare.B．BygoingbacktothetraditionalsocietyC．Bybeingtreatedlikechildren.D．Byrecognizingthedutyofemployers20．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

8A．FaceAppishelpfulindealingwithelderlypeople’sloneliness.B．FaceApp’spopularityprovesithasnosecurityproblems.C．ThelonelinessofelderlypeopleneedsmoreattentionD．Healthservicelacksfundbecauseofprolongedpeople’slives.（2023·河北石家莊·高三石家莊二中?？茧A段練習）Onekeyelementofhumanlanguageissemantics(語義).Scientistshadlongthoughtthatunlikeourwords,animalvocalizations(發(fā)聲)wereinvoluntary,renectingtheemotionalstateoftheanimalwithoutconveyinganyotherinformation.Butoverthelastfourdecades,numerousstudieshaveshownthatvariousanimalshavedistinctcallswithspecificmeanings.Manybirdspeciesusedifferentalarmcalls.Japanesetits,whichnestintreeholes,haveonecallthatcausestheirbabybirdstogetdowntoavoidbeingpulledoutofthenestbycrows,andanothercallfortreesnakesthatsendsthemjumpingoutofthenestentirely.Siberianjaysvarytheircallsdependingonwhetheranenemyisseenlookingforfoodoractivelyattacking—andeachcallgetsadifferentresponsefromothernearbybirds.Tworecentstudiessuggestthattheorderofsomebirds’vocalizationsmayimpacttheirmeaning.Thoughtheideaisstillcontroversial,thiscouldrepresentabasicformoftherulesgoverningtheorderandcombinationofwordsandelementsinhumanlanguageknownassyntax(句法),asillustratedbytheclassic“dogbitesman”vs.“manbitesdog”example.Evenifsomebirdssharebasicaspectsofhumanlanguage,westillknowverylittleaboutwhat’sactuallygoingonintheirminds.Mostanimalcommunicationresearchhasfocusedondescribingsignalsandbehavior,whichonthesurfacecanlookalotlikehumanbehavior.Determiningiftheunderlyingcognitive(認知的)processesdrivingthebehaviorarealsosimilarismuchmorechallenging,asattheheartofthisquestionisintentionality:Areanimalsmerelyreactingtotheirenvironment,ordotheyintendtoconveyinformationtooneanother?21．Whatwasscientists’long-heldbeliefaboutanimalvocalizations?A．Theyconveyednoemotion.B．Theyweresemanticallyrelated.C．Theyvariedgreatlywithspecies.D．Theyexpressednointendedmeaning.22．Howdoestheauthordevelopparagraph2?A．Bylistingdata.B．Bygivingexamples.C．Byprovidingdefinition.D．Bymakingcomparisons.23．Whatdoestheunderlinedword”this”inparagraph3referto?A．Whatbirds’vocalizationsmean.B．Howrulesgovernhumanlanguage.C．Whatthetworecentstudiesindicate.D．Howbird’svocalizationsarecombined.

924．Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellus?A．Sharedaspectsofhumanandbirds’languages.B．Focusofmostanimalcommunicationresearch.C．Underlying,cognitiveprocessesofbirds’vocalizations.D．Insufficientknowledgeaboutbirds’communicationintentionality.（2023·湖南岳陽·統(tǒng)考二模）CERTAINCREATURES-namely,bees-haveevolvedtobeskillfulflyingbuilders.Toassemble(組裝)anest,workerinsectsteamuptodovariousworktothespecificationofacomplexdesignthatendsupbeingmanytimestheirsize.Thisprocesstakesmonths,manytimeslongerthantheaveragelifespanofallbutthequeen.Meanwhiletheinsectsmustadjustastheygo.ItistheseinsectbuildingteamsthatinspiredMirkoKovac,aroboticistatImperialCollegeLondon,todevelopawaytoimprovetheflexibilityof3Dprinting.Atypical3Dprinterislimitedbytherangeofitsnozzle(噴嘴),andcanonlymakeobjectssmallerthanitself.DrKovac’steamhasremovedtheselimitationbyusingflyingrobots.DrKovacdescribesasystemofflyingrobotsthatiscomposedoftwotypesofmulti-rotordrones:buildersandscanners.Thebuilderscarrythe3D-printingnozzle.Thescannersarerobotsequippedwithcamerasthatareresponsibleformonitoringtheprogressofthebuilders.Thebuildingprocessalternatesbetweenbuildersandscanners,layerbylayer,printingandadjusting,untilastructureiscomplete.First,abuilderremainssuspendedoveritsareaofoperationandbeginstoreleaseajetorrushofthebuildingmaterialalongitsflightpath.Thechoiceofmaterialisimportant——itmustbelightweightenoughforthedronestocarrybutstrongenoughtoholdthesubsequentlayersthatwillbebuiltontop.Oncethebuilderrobothassprayedalayerofmaterial,thescannerrobotfliesover,inspectstheprogress.Thesystemthencomputesthenextlayerthatthebuildershouldmake,whilealsocorrectingforanyerrorsthatmighthavebeendiscoveredinwhathasalreadybeenbuilt.Becausetheflyingrobotscan,intheory,operateanywhere,theycouldfixthingsindangerousorotherwiseinaccessibleplaces.DrKovacsaysthathisrobotscouldbeusedtospotandsealleaksinoilorgaspipelines,repairleakyinsulationorfixcracksontallbuildings.Thinkingmorelongterm,DrKovacevenseesapotentialfutureforhisconstructionrobots,buildingonthesurfacesoftheMoonorMars.25．Whydoestheauthormentionbeesinthetext?A．Tobecomeatheme.B．Tointroduceatopic.C．Togiveanexplanation.

10D．Toanalyzethecause.26．Whatisthecharacteroftypical3Dprinters?A．Theycanexpandtherangeofprinting.B．Theycanmakeadjustmentwhileprinting.C．Theyaremoreflexiblethantraditionalones.D．Theycanmakeobjectssmallerthanthemselves.27．Whatcanwelearnfromthebuildingprocess?A．TheBuilderscancorrecttheerrorswhilecalculating.B．Thebuildingmaterialshouldbestrongenoughforscanner.C．Buildersandscannerscanprintandmonitoratthesametime.D．Thebuildingprocesshasstrictrequirementofthebuildingmaterial.28．Whatcanbethesuitabletitleforthetext?A．Teamsofflyingrobotscanmake3Dobjects.B．Teamsofflyingrobotshavealimitedfuture.C．Theflexibilityoftypical3Dprinterhasbeenimproved.D．Teamsofflyingrobotshavebeenusedindangeroussituation.（2023·湖南岳陽·統(tǒng)考二模）Atallhoursoftheday,white-apronedbakersoccupythemselvesinworkingintheHotBreadKitchen,throwingflouracrossbutcher-blocktables,fillingmetaltrayswithhand-shapedbread,andshiftingsteaming,freshbreadtocoolingshelves.TheonlybodiesatrestinthisNewYorkCitybakeryarepanswithbread,waitingtobesentintotheoven.Theskilledbakersturnoutaround25varietiesrangingfromclassicFrenchbaguettestocrispArmenianlavashcrackers-whichtheysellatfarmers’marketsandgourmetstores.ButHotBreadKitchenismorethanabakery:It’sanonprofitdesignedtogiveforeign-bornwomentheskillsandsupporttheyneedtoestablishcareersintheculinaryarts.Overseeingdailyoperationoftheplace-andoftenrollingupherownshirtsleevestoinvolvein-is35-year-oldfounderandCEOJessamynRodriguez.Bymixingherlifelongpassionforsocietywithgreatfood,Rodriguezsaysshehascreatedherdreamjob.In2008,RodriguezlaunchedthebakeryinthesmallBrooklynapartmentshesharedwithroommates,hiringtwoimmigrantwomenasherfirstbakers.“Iwasdefinitelybreakingnewground,andwefacedalotofskeptics,”shesaysofthoseearlydays.“Butforeverypersonwhoquestionedit,therewerefivepeoplewhowereinterestedinsupportingus.”Today,HotBreadKitchenemploysastaffof35andoccupiesanearly5,000-square-footspaceinLaMarqueta,apublicmarketinEastHarlem.ThewomenwhobakeandpackageHotBreadKitchen’sofferingsrangeinagefrom21to60.Comingfrom

11landssuchasHaiti,Nepal,andtheDominicanRepublic,somehavelivedintheU.S.foraslittleasayear.Others,includingproductionmanagerAntoniaGarcia,whoisoriginallyfromMexico,havecalledAmericahomeformorethanadecade.Thesewomen’sdiversehomelandsarereflectedinmanyofthebakery’sproducts,likeheritagetortillasandthewildlypopularm’smen,abutterybread.TheprogramhasfarsurpassedRodriguez’soriginalhopes.Sinceitshumblebeginnings,HotBreadKitchenhastrained27womenfrom12countries.Theyreceivepaid,on-the-jobexperience,aswellascoursesinbakerysciences,andEnglishaspartofayearlongtrainingprogram.29．Whatdoesthefirstparagraphmainlytalkabout?A．Constantactivityofskilledworkers.B．Varietiesoffreshbakedgoods.C．Manydifferenttypesofequipmentusedinbakeries.D．Difficultworkingconditionsofbakeryemployees.30．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeJessamynRodriguez?A．Adventurou1sandmodest.B．Ambitiousandgifted.C．Hard-workingandcourageous.D．Devotedandstubborn.31．HowdoestheauthorestablishthediversityofHotBreadKitchen?A．Bydescribingthecoursesofferedtoemployees.B．Byintroducingthebackgroundsoftheemployees.C．Bydescribingthebakery’slocationatLaMarqueta.D．Byintroducingthebakery’sdevelopmentsince2008.32．Whatisthemainideaofthearticle?A．Employeesfromdiversehomelandsproducevariousproducts.B．ThehardworkingwomenhavehelpedHotBreadKitchendevelopquickly.C．RodriguezbecameasuccessfulbakerafterestablishingHotBreadKitchen.D．HotBreadKitchenprovidesprofessionalopportunitiesforimmigrantwomen.

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