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壓軸題13閱讀理解CD篇+語法填空+書面表達(dá)（時(shí)間：40分鐘滿分：56分）第一節(jié)（共8小題；每小題2分，滿分16分）A（2023·內(nèi)蒙古包頭·統(tǒng)考一模）AteamofresearchersatETHZurichhastheperfectlong-lastingsolutiontoourfogproblem.Theyhavedevelopedaverythinandgold-basedtransparentcoating(涂層)thatcanconvertsunlightintoheat,whichcanbeappliedtoglassandothersurfacestopreventthemfromfogging.Thespecialcoatingisdevelopedusingtitaniumoxideandgoldparticles.Itselectivelyabsorbsinfraredradiations(紅外線照射)fromthesunlightandcreatesaheatingeffectthatispowerfulenoughtokeepfogawayfromthesurfaceofanobject.Thecoatingbasicallyemploysheattostopfogging.Thecoatingabsorbsalargepartoftheinfraredradiation,whichcausesittoheatup-byupto8℃.Previously,productslikeanti-foggingsprayscreateaverythinfilmofwateronthesurfacetoremovefog.Theproblemwithsuchsurfacesispollution.Alongwithwater,thespraysalsoattractdirt,dust,oil,andvariousotherdirtysubstances,andjustalittledirtonthesurfacemakesituseless.However,thenewcoatingrepels(排斥)water.Furthermore,thecoatingissignificantlythinner,whichmakesitmoretransparentaswellasflexible.Itisheatedpassivelyandrequires,duringdaytime,noadditionalenergysource.Goldmightbeexpensive,buttheresearchersstressthattheircoatingrequiressolittlethatthematerialcostsremainlow.Theircoatingisproducedwithstandardizedandreadilyscalablemethods,allcost-effectively.However,althoughthisproductcanworkatverylowlevelsofsolarirradiation,itdoesrelyonacertainamountoflight.Theresearcherswilldevelopthecoatingfurtherforotherapplications.Intheprocess,theywillexaminewhetherothermetalsworkjustaswellasgold.Thereisnoneedtofear.However,thiswouldcauseacarorabuildingtoheatupmoreinthesummer.Theresearchershavealreadyfiledapatent.Hopefully,thisgroundbreakingproductwillsoonbeavailableonthemarket.1．Howdoesthenewcoatingworktoremovefog?A．Byreflectingpartofsunlightselectively.B．Bykeepingcoolairawayfromtheobject.C．Bycreatingathinfilmofwateronthesurface.D．Byabsorbinginfraredradiationstoheatthecoating.2．Whydoestheauthormentionpreviousanti-foggingproducts?A．Tostresstheadvantagesofthenewcoating.B．Tointroducetheinspirationbehindthenewcoating.
1C．Toprovethedifficultyofcreatinganti-foggingproducts.D．Toexplainthereasonfortheanti-foggingcoatingbeingpopular.3．Whatisthelimitationofthenewcoating?A．Itisconsiderablyexpensive.B．Itdependsonsunlighttowork.C．Ittakestoomuchtimetoproduce.D．Itisdifficulttocleanandmaintain.4．Whatdotheresearchersplantodonext?A．Applyforapatentfortheinvention.B．Developtheproductformorepracticaluses.C．Exploretheenvironmentalimpactofthecoating.D．Seekacheapermaterialasanalternativetogold.【答案】1．D????2．A????3．B????4．B【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述蘇黎世聯(lián)邦理工學(xué)院的一組研究人員找到了解決霧霾問題的完美持久解決方案。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Itselectivelyabsorbsinfraredradiations(紅外線照射)fromthesunlightandcreatesaheatingeffectthatispowerfulenoughtokeepfogawayfromthesurfaceofanobject.(它選擇性地吸收來自陽光的紅外輻射，并產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)大的加熱效應(yīng)，足以使霧遠(yuǎn)離物體表面。)”可知，新涂層能通過吸收紅外線輻射來加熱涂層除去霧。故選D項(xiàng)。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Previously,productslikeanti-foggingsprayscreateaverythinfilmofwateronthesurfacetoremovefog.Theproblemwithsuchsurfacesispollution.(以前，像防霧噴霧劑這樣的產(chǎn)品會(huì)在表面形成一層非常薄的水膜來消除霧。這種表面的問題是污染。)”以及“However,thenewcoatingrepels(排斥)water.Furthermore,thecoatingissignificantlythinner,whichmakesitmoretransparentaswellasflexible.Itisheatedpassivelyandrequires,duringdaytime,noadditionalenergysource.(但是，這種新涂層可以防水。此外，涂層明顯更薄，這使得它更透明和靈活。它是被動(dòng)加熱的，在白天不需要額外的能源。)”可知，作者提到了以前的防霧產(chǎn)品強(qiáng)調(diào)新涂層的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。故選A項(xiàng)。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“However,althoughthisproductcanworkatverylowlevelsofsolarirradiation,itdoesrelyonacertainamountoflight.(然而，盡管該產(chǎn)品可以在非常低水平的太陽照射下工作，但它確實(shí)依賴于一定量的光。)”可知，新涂層的局限性是依靠陽光工作。故選B項(xiàng)。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Theresearcherswilldevelopthecoatingfurtherforotherapplications.Intheprocess,theywillexaminewhetherothermetalsworkjustaswellasgold.
2(研究人員將進(jìn)一步開發(fā)這種涂層以用于其他用途。在這個(gè)過程中，他們將檢驗(yàn)其他金屬是否能像黃金一樣發(fā)揮作用。)”可知，研究人員計(jì)劃下一步進(jìn)行研究將產(chǎn)品開發(fā)為更實(shí)際的用途。故選B項(xiàng)。B（2023·寧夏銀川·銀川二中校考一模）Asmallgroupofpaleontologists(古生物學(xué)家)recentlydiscovered10speciesofancientmammalspreviouslyunknowntosciencewiththehelpofanenormousnumberofhelpersattheirdigsite:ants.ThestudyofancientmammalsthrowsnewlightonthediversityofmammalsthatexistedinNorthAmericaaround33millionto35millionyearsago,whentheclimatewaschangingdramatically.Italsopaysattentiontotheharvesterants,withwhichresearchershavelonghadalove-haterelationship.“Theantsarenotfantasticwhenthey’rebitingyou,”saidSamanthaHopkins,aprofessorofEarthSciencesattheUniversityofOregon.“ButI’vegottoappreciatethembecausetheymakemyjobawholeloteasier.”Mostspeciesofharvesterantsliveinsubterraneancavesthatsitbeneathasmallhillofdirt.Theystrengthenthedirtbycoveringitwithbitsofrockandothertoughmaterials.Theantshavebeenknowntotraveloverahundredfeetfromtheircavesandtodigsixfeetdeepinpursuitofmaterialsthathelpsecuretheircaves.Thematerialsincludefossils.Harvesterantscancarrymaterials10timesto50timestheweightoftheirbody,althoughtheydonotweighverymuch,sotheheaviestfossiltheycancollectweighslessthantheaveragepill.Giventhesize,harvesteranthillsarehotspotsforwhatscientistscallmicrovertebrate(微型脊椎動(dòng)物)fossils,whichareanimalfossilstoosmalltoseewithoutamicroscope.Foroveracentury,scientistslikeDr.Hopkinshavefoundsediment(沉積物)offthesidesofharvesteranthillsinsearchofthesefossils,makingiteasiertofindlargenumbersoffossilizedmammalteethwithoutspendinghoursinthefieldsiftingthroughsandanddirt.5．Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A．Tocomparetwodifferentspecies.B．Toprovideevidencefordiscoveries.C．Topromoteawarenessofmammalprotection.D．Tointroduceakindofantservingasahelper.6．Whichaspectmayinfluencethediversityofmammalsinthepast?A．Antnumbers.B．Climate.C．Cavematerials.D．Dirtlocations.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“subterranean”meaninParagraph3?A．Coastal.B．Underground.C．Urban.D．Mountainous.8．Whatcanwelearnabouttheharvesterantsfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Theircavesaremilesdeep.B．Theycancarrypillsaround.
3C．Fossilsmaybefoundaroundtheirhills.D．Materialswithfossilsaretheirfood.【答案】5．D????6．B????7．B????8．C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了一群古生物學(xué)家在螞蟻的幫助之下，發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多以前不為人所知的古代哺乳動(dòng)物。5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Asmallgroupofpaleontologists(古生物學(xué)家)recentlydiscovered10speciesofancientmammalspreviouslyunknowntosciencewiththehelpofanenormousnumberofhelpersattheirdigsite:ants.(最近，一小群古生物學(xué)家在挖掘現(xiàn)場的螞蟻的幫助下，發(fā)現(xiàn)了10種以前不為科學(xué)所知的古代哺乳動(dòng)物。)”可知，古生物學(xué)家在螞蟻的幫助之下，發(fā)現(xiàn)了很多的古代哺乳動(dòng)物化石，以及下文中對這些螞蟻在他們工作中的介紹可以推斷，本文的目的是介紹作為古生物學(xué)家助手的一種螞蟻。故選D項(xiàng)。6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“ThestudyofancientmammalsthrowsnewlightonthediversityofmammalsthatexistedinNorthAmericaaround33millionto35millionyearsago,whentheclimatewaschangingdramatically.(對古代哺乳動(dòng)物的研究為大約3300萬至3500萬年前存在于北美的哺乳動(dòng)物多樣性提供了新的視角，當(dāng)時(shí)氣候正在急劇變化。)”可知，古生物學(xué)家古代哺乳動(dòng)物的研究揭示了古代哺乳動(dòng)物的多樣性，那時(shí)候的氣候變化劇烈，由此可知，氣候的劇烈變化對哺乳動(dòng)物的多樣性有一定的影響。故選B項(xiàng)。7．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞所在句子中的定語從句“thatsitbeneathasmallhillofdirt.(它坐落在一座小土山下。)”可知，這個(gè)洞穴是在一個(gè)小山丘的下面，以及下文中的“Theystrengthenthedirtbycoveringitwithbitsofrockandothertoughmaterials.(他們用巖石和其他堅(jiān)硬的材料覆蓋泥土，使其更加堅(jiān)固。)”可知，他們用巖石等堅(jiān)硬的材料覆蓋泥土使其更堅(jiān)固，由此可知，該單詞的意思是“地下的”。故選B項(xiàng)。8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“Thematerialsincludefossils.Harvesterantscancarrymaterials10timesto50timestheweightoftheirbody,althoughtheydonotweighverymuch,sotheheaviestfossiltheycancollectweighslessthantheaveragepill.(這些材料包括化石。收割螞蟻可以攜帶10到50倍于自身重量的物質(zhì)，盡管它們的重量不是很大，所以它們能收集到的最重的化石重量比普通藥丸還輕。)”可知，這些材料中包含著化石，結(jié)合第四段中的“Foroveracentury,scientistslikeDr.Hopkinshavefoundsediment(沉積物)offthesidesofharvesteranthillsinsearchofthesefossils,makingiteasiertofindlargenumbersoffossilizedmammalteethwithoutspendinghoursinthefieldsiftingthroughsandanddirt.(一個(gè)多世紀(jì)以來，霍普金斯博士等科學(xué)家在尋找這些化石的過程中，在收獲蟻丘兩側(cè)發(fā)現(xiàn)了沉積物，這樣就更容易找到大量的哺乳動(dòng)物牙齒化石，而不必花幾個(gè)小時(shí)在野外篩選沙子和泥土。)”可知，科學(xué)家在尋找這些化石的過程中，在收獲蟻丘的兩側(cè)發(fā)現(xiàn)了沉積物，由此可見，科學(xué)家在收割蟻在洞穴上堆起的小山周圍可以找到微型脊椎動(dòng)物化石。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）（2023·陜西西安·統(tǒng)考二模）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填人1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
4ThedaystartsearlyforShiXiaogang,awildliferanger(護(hù)林員)attheWolongNationalNatureReserveinSouthwestChina’sSichuanprovince.Hemonitorsthepopulationofgiantpandasandconductslong-rangepatrols(巡邏)insomeofthemostextremeenvironments,____9____isachallengingand,often,dangerousjob.____10____(cover)about200,000hectares,WolongNationalNatureReserveishometooneofthelargestremaininggiantpandapopulationsinChina.Thankstotherangers’likeShi’sefforts,____11____numberofwildgiantpandasinthereservehasincreasedfrom104,in2015,to149today.In2016,theInternationalUnionforConservationofNature____12____(announce)thatthegiantpanda’sstatushadbeenchangedfrom“endangered”to“vulnerable”onitsRedListofThreatenedSpecies.Aswellas“thehomeofgiantpandas”,thereserveis____13____(wide)knownasa“bio-genebank”.Itfeaturesagreatnumberofthreatenedspeciesofplantsandanimals,includingotherfamous____14____(creature),suchastheredpanda,snowleopardandcloudedleopardamongthe121speciesofmammals(哺乳動(dòng)物)____15____(record).Therearealso392birdspecies.Tomarktherangers’hardworkandcontributiontowildlife____16____(protect)inthereserve,lastyear,20rangers____17____(recognize)withspecialcommendations(表揚(yáng))atanonlineawardceremonyfortheIUCNWorldCommissiononProtectedAreas’InternationalRangerAwards.Thecommissionspeakshighlyoftheirwork,sayingthattheyhelpstopbiodiversitylossandprotecttheimportantecosystemsthatserve_____18_____naturalsolutionstoclimatechangeandotherglobalchallenges.【答案】9．which????10．Covering????11．the????12．a(chǎn)nnounced????13．widely????14．creatures????15．recorded????16．protection????17．wererecognized##wererecognised????18．a(chǎn)s【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹臥龍保護(hù)區(qū)的護(hù)林員對該保護(hù)區(qū)的貢獻(xiàn)。9．考查定語從句。句意：他監(jiān)測大熊貓的數(shù)量，并在一些最極端的環(huán)境中進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)程巡邏，這是一項(xiàng)具有挑戰(zhàn)性且通常危險(xiǎn)的工作。此處是非限制性定語從句，關(guān)系詞指代整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容，作從句主語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。故填which。10．考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：臥龍國家級自然保護(hù)區(qū)占地約20萬公頃，是中國現(xiàn)存大熊貓數(shù)量最多的保護(hù)區(qū)之一。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，cover與邏輯主語WolongNationalNatureReserve構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞，作狀語。句首單詞首字母要大寫。故填Covering。11．考查定冠詞。句意：由于護(hù)林員們的努力，保護(hù)區(qū)的野生大熊貓數(shù)量從2015年的104只增加到今天的149只。此處表示這個(gè)保護(hù)區(qū)野生大熊貓的數(shù)量，應(yīng)用thenumberof表示“……的數(shù)量”。故填the。12．考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：2016年，國際自然保護(hù)聯(lián)盟宣布，大熊貓?jiān)跒l危物種紅色名錄上的地位已從“瀕?！弊?yōu)椤耙孜！?。根?jù)句中In2016可知，此處用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。故填announced。13．考查副詞。句意：除了“大熊貓的故鄉(xiāng)”，該保護(hù)區(qū)還被廣泛稱為“生物基因庫”。此處修飾動(dòng)詞known，應(yīng)用副詞widely，作狀語。故填widely。
514．考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：它以大量瀕危動(dòng)植物物種為特色，包括其他著名生物，如記錄的121種哺乳動(dòng)物中的小熊貓、雪豹和云豹。根據(jù)otherfamous及suchastheredpanda,snowleopard,cloudedleopard可知，數(shù)量大于一，應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填creatures。15．考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：它以大量瀕危動(dòng)植物物種為特色，包括其他著名生物，如記錄的121種哺乳動(dòng)物中的小熊貓、雪豹和云豹。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，record和前面的名詞mammals構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞，作定語。故填recorded。16．考查名詞。句意：為了表彰護(hù)林員的辛勤工作和對保護(hù)區(qū)野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)的貢獻(xiàn)，去年，在世界自然保護(hù)聯(lián)盟世界保護(hù)區(qū)委員會(huì)的國際護(hù)林員獎(jiǎng)在線頒獎(jiǎng)典禮上，20名護(hù)林員獲得了特別表彰。根據(jù)wildlife及空格后的inthereserve可知，應(yīng)用名詞protection，不可數(shù)名詞，作賓語。故填protection。17．考查動(dòng)詞語態(tài)。句意：為了表彰護(hù)林員的辛勤工作和對保護(hù)區(qū)野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)的貢獻(xiàn)，去年，在世界自然保護(hù)聯(lián)盟世界保護(hù)區(qū)委員會(huì)的國際護(hù)林員獎(jiǎng)在線頒獎(jiǎng)典禮上，20名護(hù)林員獲得了特別表彰。主語與謂語構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，結(jié)合上文lastyear可知，為一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，主語為20rangers，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。故填wererecognized或wererecognised。18．考查介詞。句意：該委員會(huì)高度評價(jià)了他們的工作，稱他們有助于阻止生物多樣性喪失，保護(hù)重要的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，這些生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是應(yīng)對氣候變化和其他全球挑戰(zhàn)的自然解決方案。固定短語serveas“作為，充當(dāng)”。故填as。第三節(jié)（共25分）19．（2023·四川遂寧·統(tǒng)考二模）假定你校英文報(bào)正在以“養(yǎng)成好習(xí)慣，促進(jìn)我健康”為主題開展征文活動(dòng)。請寫一篇短文，向報(bào)社投稿，內(nèi)容包括：1．介紹一項(xiàng)你的好習(xí)慣；2．該習(xí)慣對健康的影響；3．呼吁養(yǎng)成健康習(xí)慣。注意：1．詞數(shù)100左右，題目已為你寫好；2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。GoodHabits,GoodHeal_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】范文GoodHabits,GoodHealth
6NowI’veformedagoodhabittoimprovemyhealth.Thatis,Iplaybasketballwithmyfriendsontheplaygroundfor40minuteseverydayafterschool.However,ayearago,becauseoftheheavylearningtasks,Ialwaysstayedintheclassroom,notparticipatinginafter-schoolactivitiestorelaxmyself.Asaresult,IfoundIcouldn’tconcentrateonmyschoolworkandalwaysfelttired.IrealizedIhadtoadjustmylifestyle.Then,IbeganplayingbasketballsinceIlikethissport.Now,Ifeelenergetic,andmylearningefficiencyissatisfactory.Astrongnationisbasedonitsstrongyouths.Asseniorthreestudents,weshoulddevelophealthyhabitsandhaveahealthybody.【導(dǎo)語】本篇書面表達(dá)屬于應(yīng)用文。假定你校英文報(bào)正在以“養(yǎng)成好習(xí)慣，促進(jìn)我健康”為主題開展征文活動(dòng)。請寫一篇短文向報(bào)社投稿,。【詳解】1.詞匯積累養(yǎng)成：form→develop任務(wù)：task→assignment因此：asaresult→asaconsequence集中：concentrateon→focuson2.句式拓展簡單句變復(fù)合句原句：However,ayearago,becauseoftheheavylearningtasks,Ialwaysstayedintheclassroom,notparticipatinginafter-schoolactivitiestorelaxmyself.拓展句：However,ayearago,Ialwaysstayedintheclassroom,notparticipatinginafter-schoolactivitiestorelaxmyselfbecausethelearningtasksareheavy.【點(diǎn)睛】[高分句型1]IrealizedIhadtoadjustmylifestyle.(運(yùn)用了省略that的賓語從句)[高分句型2]Then,IbeganplayingbasketballsinceIlikethissport.(運(yùn)用了since引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句)
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