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《2024年高中英語學(xué)業(yè)水平考試必備考點10 定語從句（知識梳理+考點精講精練+實戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練）原卷版.docx》由會員上傳分享，免費(fèi)在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在教育資源-天天文庫。
專題10定語從句1.掌握關(guān)系代詞的用法2.掌握關(guān)系副詞的用法3.掌握介詞+關(guān)系代詞的用法掌握定語從句中的易錯點定語從句是高考的重點和熱點，備考焦點主要集中在以下幾個方面：①正確使用關(guān)系代詞(which,that,who,whom,whose,as)和關(guān)系副詞(when,where,why)②介詞＋which/whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句③that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句考點1概念1.在復(fù)合句中，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被定語從句所修飾的詞、短語或句子叫先行詞。Thisistheplacewhichisworthvisiting.(一個詞)這是值得參觀的地方。Manylife’sproblemswhichweresolvedbyaskingfamilymembers，friendsorcolleaguesarebeyondthecapabilityoftheextendedfamilytoresolve.(一個短語)許多以前可以通過詢問家庭成員、朋友或者同事就能解決的生活問題是現(xiàn)在的大家庭無力解決的。Itookanoldmantohospitalinataxiimmediately，whichwaswhyIwaslatethatmorning.(一個完整的句子)我乘出租車立即把一個老人送到了醫(yī)院，這就是那天早上我遲到的原因。2．關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞包括關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系詞有三大作用：代指先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作句子成分。Beijing，whichisthecapitalcityofChina，isavery.
↓beautifulcity.考點2限制性與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系密切，刪除后影響整個意思的表達(dá)與先行詞關(guān)系不密切，是一種補(bǔ)充說明，刪除后不影響整個意思的表達(dá)不用逗號分開一般使用逗號分開可用關(guān)系代詞that不可用關(guān)系代詞that關(guān)系代詞that，who，which/whom在從句中作賓語時可以省略關(guān)系代詞不可以省略關(guān)系代詞whom作賓語時可用who或that替代關(guān)系代詞不能替代讀時不停頓讀時停頓，用降調(diào)只可以修飾名詞或代詞，不可以修飾句子既可修飾名詞或代詞，也可以修飾句子，有逗號分開，只能由which,who或as引導(dǎo)Peoplewhotakephysicalexerciselivelonger.進(jìn)行體育鍛煉的人長壽。(限制性定語從句，說明要長壽需進(jìn)行體育鍛煉。先行詞是people，若把從句whotakephysicalexercise去掉，句子就失去所表達(dá)的意義“進(jìn)行體育鍛煉的人”)Hisdaughter,whoisinBostonnow,iscominghomenextweek.他女兒現(xiàn)在在波士頓，下星期回來。(非限制性定語從句，whoisinBostonnow對先行詞daughter進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明，若把其去掉，主句意義“他的女兒下周將來家”仍然完整)單句語法填空/單句寫作①Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014showedamere5to10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.②Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,isnotgoodforthehealth.③昨天晚上所發(fā)生的事情，我一點兒也不知道。(限制性定語從句).④他十分慷慨地給予我時間，為此我非常感激。(非限制性定語從句)
.【答案】1.that/which2.which3.Iknownothingthathappenedlastnight4.Hewasgenerouswithhistime，whichIwasgratefulfor考點3正確使用關(guān)系詞1.關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞在句中代替指人或事物的先行詞，并在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語等句子成分。關(guān)系代詞先行詞句法功能who人主語、賓語(限制性定語從句中可省略)、表語whom人賓語(限制性定語從句中可省略)whose(＝ofwhom/ofwhich)人或物定語that人或物主語、賓語(限制性定語從句中可省略)which物主語、賓語(限制性定語從句中可省略)as人或物主語、賓語Doyouknowthemanthat/whomMr.Whiteintroducedjustnow?懷特先生剛才介紹的那個人你認(rèn)識嗎？Ourmonitoristheboywhosefatherisalawyer.我們的班長是父親做律師的那個男孩?！久麕熤附颉筷P(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。Tomisoneoftheengineerswhoaresentabroad.湯姆是被派往國外的工程師之一。Tomistheonlyoneoftheengineerswhohascomeupwiththesolution.湯姆就是唯一提出解決方案的那位工程師。2．關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞代替表示時間、地點、原因的先行詞，并在從句中作時間狀語、地點狀語和原因狀語，不能省略。關(guān)系副詞先行詞句法功能when(＝in/at/on/...＋which)時間時間狀語where(＝in/at/on/...＋which)地點地點狀語why(＝forwhich)原因原因狀語(只引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句)Thetimewhen(atwhich)IfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.
第一次見納爾遜·曼德拉的時候，是我一生中非常困難的時期。Theschoolwhere(atwhich)Istudiedforonlytwoyearswasthreekilometresaway.那所學(xué)校離這里有3千米遠(yuǎn)，我僅在那里讀過兩年書。Therearevariousreasons(forwhich)whypeoplewritepoetry.人們寫詩有各種各樣的理由?！久麕熤附颉肯刃性~為抽象地點的名詞(situation，case，stage，point，activity等)，且關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作狀語時，用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句。如果關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語時則用關(guān)系代詞which/that。Theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatewitheachother.他們已經(jīng)到了必須分手的地步。單句語法填空①InancientChinalivedanartistpaintingswerealmostlifelike.②Becausethemoon’sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspotitcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoearth.③NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9am.to5pm.dailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield，sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.④Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmastershadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.⑤Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofclothgivesofflightinthedark.⑥Thestudentsbenefitingmostfromcollegearethosearetotallyengaged(參與)inacademiclife.【答案】1.whose2.where3.which4.whothat5.that/which3．“介詞＋關(guān)系詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句構(gòu)成句法功能用法指津介詞(短語)＋關(guān)系代詞狀語關(guān)系代詞只能用which或whom且不能省略介詞＋關(guān)系代詞＋名詞狀語關(guān)系代詞常用which和whose名詞(代詞)＋介詞＋關(guān)系代詞主語可轉(zhuǎn)化為“whose＋名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)詞(形容詞最高級)＋of＋關(guān)系代詞主語數(shù)詞還可以用some，many，most，each等不定代詞替換Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichhecanlive.那個窮人沒房子住。Recently，Iboughtanancientvase，thepriceofwhichwasveryreasonable.最近，我買了一個古董花瓶，它的價格很合理。
4．a(chǎn)s,which與that的用法區(qū)別(1)七種只用that而不用which的情況①當(dāng)先行詞是all，much，little，few，everything等不定代詞或被不定代詞修飾時。Thereisnothingthatwecandonow.現(xiàn)在我們什么也做不了。②當(dāng)先行詞被theonly，thelast，thevery等修飾時。ThisistheverybookthatIwant.這正是我想要的書。③當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾時。Thepresenttimeisthebestgiftthatyoucangiveyourself.當(dāng)前的時光是你能給自己的最好的禮物。④當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時。Don’ttrustthefirstsignthatyousee.不要相信你看見的第一個跡象。⑤當(dāng)先行詞中既有表示人又有表示物的名詞時。Mymotherandheroldfriendstalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.我媽媽和她的老朋友們談?wù)摿艘恍┧齻冇洃浿袑W(xué)校里的人和事。⑥當(dāng)主句的主語是疑問詞who或which時。Whichisthecarthatyouboughtlastweek?你上周買的哪輛車？⑦當(dāng)先行詞是主句的表語，或關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語時。Jackisnotthemanthathewas.杰克不是過去的他了。用正確的關(guān)系詞填空①WealllikeourEnglishteacher,fromwehavelearnedalot.②Iwillneverforgetthedayonwewenttobuyguitarsintheguitarstore.③Thefoodwasforhermother,couldn’tgodowntomeethim.④Forinstance，inLima，thecapitalofPeru，therearemorethan50Chinesemedicineclinics，about70percentofweresetupbylocaldoctors.【答案】1.whom2.which3.who4.which(2)which與as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的3點區(qū)別whichas位置上只能放在先行詞的后面位置靈活，可位于句首、句中，也可置于句末搭配上無動詞的限制謂語動詞通常是表示感覺或心理活動的動詞，如see，hear，know，expect，remember等
意思上意為“這一點”表示“正如……，正像……的那樣”Shemarriedagain，whichwasunexpected.她再婚了，這是始料未及的。Shemarriedagain，asweexpected.正如我們預(yù)料的那樣，她再婚了。用as或which填空①isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.②Herperformancesonthestagewereperfect,madealotofpeopleadmireher.③Inthepastfewyears，morethanhalfofthebookstoresinChinahavecloseddown，istheresultofthecompetitionwithonlinebookstores.【答案】1.As2.which3.which考點4定語從句和分詞短語作定語之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)化如果定語從句中先行詞是從句的主語(即關(guān)系代詞作從句的主語)，則這個定語從句可以轉(zhuǎn)化為以過去分詞或現(xiàn)在分詞作定語的形式。同樣的，分詞作定語也可以轉(zhuǎn)化為一個定語從句。謂語動詞用主動語態(tài)的，用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語；用被動語態(tài)的，用過去分詞作定語。如：Thisisthefactorywhichwasbuiltin1980.→Thisisthefactorybuiltin1980.這就是1980年所建的那個工廠。Weliveinahousefacingthesouth.→Weliveinahousewhichfacesthesouth.我們居住在一所朝南的房子里。單句寫作①我們學(xué)校有四千多名學(xué)生，大多數(shù)都努力學(xué)習(xí)。(themajorityof，非限制性定語從句).②我為我們的學(xué)校而感到自豪。我相信，在這里我們一定會考上名牌大學(xué)。(beproudof,beadmittedto，非限制性定語從句).③站在那里的那個男孩正在看著一棵斷了樹枝的樹。(現(xiàn)在分詞，非限制性定語從句).【答案】1.Therearemorethan4，000studentsinourschool,themajorityofwhomstudyhard.2.Iamproudofourschool,whereIamsurewecanbeadmittedtooneofthetopuniversities.3.Theboystandingthereislookingatatree,whosebranchesarebroken.
一、單項選擇1．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古·高二統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Johnhadagreatfeelingofloneliness,______wasevenmoreseriousduringhislunchbreak.A．whichB．itC．whatD．that2．（2023·天津紅橋·高二統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Ayearisdividedintofourseasons,asweallknow,_______thefirstisspring.A．whichB．ofthemC．whenD．ofwhich3．（2023·山西·高二統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Hisparentsforcedhimtobealawyer,______wasagainsthisownwishes.A．whenB．whichC．thatD．what4．（2021秋·湖南株洲·高一株洲市南方中學(xué)?？紝W(xué)業(yè)考試）PeoplerememberthefirsttravelersfromEngland___cometoliveinAmerica.A．whichB．whereC．who5．（2023春·河北·高二統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Haveyouheardabouttheplayergotthefirstprizeintheswimming?A．whichB．whatC．whoD．whom6．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古·高二統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）OctoberisagreattimetovisitInnerMongoliaAutonomousRegion,________travelerscangotothequietEjinatoenjoythewonderfulsceneryofEuphraticaforest(胡楊林).A．thenB．whereC．whenD．there7．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古·高二統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）________isreported,vaccines(疫苗)doanexcellentjobofpreventingseriousCovid-19illnessanddeaths,butarelessgoodatstoppinginfections,particularlysincetheemergence(出現(xiàn))ofthemoreinfectiousDeltavariant.A．ItB．WhichC．ThatD．As8．（2022秋·廣東清遠(yuǎn)·高一校聯(lián)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）InthecomingOlympicGames,therewillbetenmorenewevents,__________moreathleteswilltrytorealizetheirgoalin.A．thatB．whichC．whereD．when9．（2022·天津南開·高二南開大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Aftergraduation,Itooksometimeofftogotravelling,______turnedouttobeawisedecision.A．thatB．whichC．whenD．where10．（2022·天津河北·高二統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Afteralonganddifficultjourney,themonarchbutterflieseventuallyreachedtheplaces______theywouldspendthewinter.A．whyB．whichC．whereD．when
11．（2019·山西·高二太原師范學(xué)院附屬中學(xué)統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Hewrotealetter________heexplainedwhathadhappenedintheaccident.A．whichB．thatC．howD．where12．（2021·山西·高二太原師范學(xué)院附屬中學(xué)統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Motherboughtmanytomatoesfromthemarkettwodaysago,someof______havegonebadduetothehotweather.A．thoseB．whichC．whomD．that13．（2021秋·廣西·高二統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Theboy______gotthefirstprizeisfromClass1.A．whereB．whenC．whichD．who14．（2022春·甘肅天水·高二天水市第一中學(xué)校考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Havingamixofmaleandfemalenursesalsohelpscreateafunatmosphere,_________helpspatientsrecoverfaster.A．thisB．thatC．whichD．where15．（2022春·甘肅天水·高二天水市第一中學(xué)校考學(xué)業(yè)考試）BecauseofCOVD-19,daysaregone________local5-starhotelscharged5,000yuanforonenight.A．ifB．whenC．whichD．since16．（2022·天津紅橋·高二天津市民族中學(xué)統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Eventually,thebutterflymanagestoreachtheplaces______itwillspendthewinter.A．whichB．whatC．whereD．that17．（2022秋·云南·高二統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Lindaisabeautifulgirl________likesChinesecultureverymuch.A．whomB．whoseC．whichD．who18．（2023·江蘇·高二學(xué)業(yè)考試）Weliveinanage________moreinformationisavailablemoreeasilythaneverbefore.A．whyB．towhomC．whenD．onwhich二、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子19．（2020秋·廣東佛山·高一統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）It’sadiseaseaffectsmainlyolderpeople.20．（2020秋·廣東佛山·高一統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Childrencompeteinasportwilllearnhowtodealwithfailurebecausetheydon’talwayswin.21．（2020秋·廣東佛山·高一統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Sheisthegirlbrotherisstudyingabroad.22．（2021秋·吉林·高二統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Themanisshakinghandswiththeexpertismyfather.(23．（2022春·江蘇蘇州·高二江蘇省蘇州第十中學(xué)校?？紝W(xué)業(yè)考試）Finally,thethiefhandedovereverythinghehadstolentothepolice.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）
24．（2022春·江蘇蘇州·高二江蘇省蘇州第十中學(xué)校?？紝W(xué)業(yè)考試）TheotherdayImetBobintheforest,familymovedherelastmonth.25．（2022春·江蘇蘇州·高二江蘇省蘇州第十中學(xué)校?？紝W(xué)業(yè)考試）Hewasbeatenbyanunknownteamfromaremoteschool,wasunexpected.26．（2022春·江蘇蘇州·高二江蘇省蘇州第十中學(xué)校?？紝W(xué)業(yè)考試）Therearelotsofforeignersatthemeeting,mostofareAmericans.1．Thismusicbroughtusbacktothedaysweplayedhappilytogetherneartheriver.2．Everyonehasperiodsintheirliveseverythingseemsveryhard.3．May30,2023isamemorableday,theShenzhouXVImannedspaceshipwaslaunchedsuccessfully.4．Gracewillneverforgetthedayshewasadmittedtotheuniversity.5．TherearemanyreasonsEnglishissowidelyusedaroundtheworld.6．Dr.Brownisaseniorprofessorviewsarewidelyrespected.7．Manypeopledonothaveclosefriendsorcontactshavethesameinterestinmusic.8．MountWuyiissuchanattractiveplaceofinteresteveryonelikestovisit.9．Thosewanttogotothecinemawillhavetowaitatthegateoftheschool.10．WhenIwentbacktomyhometownyearslater,Isawabeautifulpark,hadbeenawastelandformanyyears.11．SearchenginessearchtheInternetbasedonthekeywordsyoutypein,andchoosesuchwebpagesforyoucontainthewordsyouaskfor.12．ThereasonaccountsfortheirnamesGalileanMoonsistheywerediscoveredbyGalileoin1610.13．Hersister,youmetatmyhome,wasateacherofEnglish.14．Hehadthousandsofstudents,manyofgainedgreatsuccessintheirownfields.15．“TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmerica,alllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulexistencewithitssurroundings,”herfablebegins,borrowingsomefamiliarwordsfrommanyage-oldfables.16．Yet,theformofthefablestillhasvaluestoday,RachelCarsonsaysin“AFableforTomorrow”.17．Theytalkedabouttheschoolsandteacherstheyhadvisited.18．TheTempleofHeavenisacomplexofbuildingsemperorsoftheMingandQingdynastiesinChina
worshipedheaven.19．OccasionsarequiterareIcanspendawholeweekwithmyfamilyduringtheChineseNewYearHoliday.20．Thomas,withhelpIhavemadegreatprogressinEnglish,ishighlythoughtofbyus.21．Haveyoueverdreamedofsinginginfrontofanaudienceofthousandsataconcert,everyoneisclappingandappreciatingyourmusic?22．ThepolicefoundtheknifeJohnkilledhiswife.23．Isthisthefactory??manyworkersareworkinghardin?24．ThephotoremindsmeofthedayswespentinCanada.25．Isoxygentheonlygashelpsfireburn?26．Wecandefineajokeassomethingyousaycauseslaughter.27．ThemonumentwasthefirstplacetheywenttovisitwhiletheywereinChina.28．Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplacewelcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21st-centuryarchitecturalwondersstandingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.29．ChinatownsarepopulartouristdestinationsvisitorscanexperiencetraditionalChineseculturefirsthand.30．I’llneverforgettheday??Ispentinthemountains.31．ThereasonIlovewesternmusicisthatithasinspiredmealotwhenIamindifficulty.32．Dancersdancedtoclassicalmusic,recreatingthescenewomeninancientChinabeganaspringtimeouting.33．Therearemanyclownsintheplayground,someofareperformingopera.34．Wealllikethemanisveryhumorous.35．Peoplewouldleavethebikeintheplacetheyfinishedtheirjourney.36．Weallknowsomecasesartscancurepeople.37．Thecoupleinthenextroomarealwaysquarrelingthesedays,andI’vecometothepointIcan’tstanditanylonger.38．IboughtaseriesofHarryPotterrecently,pricewasfairlyreasonable.39．Shealsojoinedanonlinegroupshecouldtalkaboutherproblemsandgetsupportandadvicefromothers.40．Lucyhasmanypositivepersonalityfeaturesmakeherpopularatschool.
41．Successoftencometothosearegoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.42．You’llfindtaxiswaitingatthebusstationyoucantaketoreachyourhostfamily.43．Anecosystemconsistsofthelivingandnonlivingthingsinanareainteractwithoneanother.44．Thatnighteveryonewenttobed,Bunnycouldn’tsleep.Hestillcouldn’tthinkofwhathewantedhisspecialChristmaspresenttobe.45．AfterlivinginParisfor50yearshereturnedtothesmallcityhewasbroughtup.46．Mygrandmawasbornatatimemobilephoneswerenoteveninpeople’simaginations.47．Winteristhetimeofyearthedaysareshortandnightsarelong.48．Creatinganatmosphereemployeesfeelpartofateamandenjoytheirworkisabigchallenge.49．InCanada,cross-countryskiingisapopularsportamongpeopletheycanenjoyexcitementandadventure.50．Gonearethedaysphysicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.51．Afterrepeatingthisprocessafewtimes,theyeventuallyfoundtheidealdistancetheycouldfeelwarmwhilemanagingnottohurteachother.52．Theconstantlyrisingsealevelisoneofthereasonswemusttakeactiontoprotecttheenvironment.53．YuanLongpingwasanadmirableagriculturalscientist,frommanyyoungpeoplehavedrawngreatinspiration.54．ThissmallmountainvillageisabeautifulplaceIspentmychildhood.55．Atthetime,atribal(部落的)peopleruledmanyareasofwesternEurope,includingmuchofisnowFrance.56．Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivitysightmattersmorethanhearing.57．I’vebecomegoodfriendswiththestudentsinmyschoolImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.58．Theschoolshop,customersaremainlystudents,isusuallyclosedforsummerandwinterholidays.59．Thedaysaregonehorse-drawncarriageswereacommonsightinthestreetinLondon.60．OnGoodFriday,Christiansobservetheday,onwhichChristdied,hotcrossbunsaresold.
