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LayoutguideforJournalofPhysics:ConferenceSeriesusingMicrosoftWordListtheauthornameshereType?the?author?affiliation?hereTypethecorrespondingauthor’se-mailaddresshereAbstract.Allarticlesmustcontainanabstract.Theabstracttextshouldbeformattedusing10pointTimesorTimesNewRomanandindented25mmfromtheleftmargin.Leave10mmspaceaftertheabstractbeforeyoubeginthemaintextofyourarticle,startingonthesamepageastheabstract.Theabstractshouldgivereadersconciseinformationaboutthecontentofthearticleandindicatethemainresultsobtainedandconclusionsdrawn.Theabstractisnotpartofthetextandshouldbecompleteinitself;notablenumbers,figurenumbers,referencesordisplayedmathematicalexpressionsshouldbeincluded.Itshouldbesuitablefordirectinclusioninabstractingservicesandshouldnotnormallyexceed200wordsinasingleparagraph.Sincecontemporaryinformation-retrievalsystemsrelyheavilyonthecontentoftitlesandabstractstoidentifyrelevantarticlesinliteraturesearches,greatcareshouldbetakeninconstructingboth.1.IntroductionTheseguidelines,writteninthestyleofasubmissiontoJ.Phys.:Conf.Ser.,showthebestlayoutforyourpaperusingMicrosoftWord.Ifyoudon’twishtousetheWordtemplateprovided,pleaseusethefollowingpagesetupmeasurements.MarginA4ONLY–DONOTUSEUSLETTERTop4.0cmBottom2.7cmLeft2.5cmRight2.5cmGutter0cmHeader0cmFooter0cmItisvitalthatyoudonotaddanyheaders,footersorpagenumberstoyourpaper;thesewillbeaddedduringtheproductionprocessatIOPPublishing(thisiswhytheHeaderandFootermarginsaresetto0cmintable1).
1.Formattingthetitle,authorsandaffiliationsPleasefollowtheseinstructionsascarefullyaspossiblesoallarticleswithinaconferencehavethesamestyletothetitlepage.Thisparagraphfollowsasectiontitlesoitshouldnotbeindented.1.1.FormattingthetitleThetitleisset17pointTimesBold,flushleft,unjustified.Thefirstletterofthetitleshouldbecapitalizedwiththerestinlowercase.Itshouldnotbeindented.Leave28mmofspaceabovethetitleand10mmafterthetitle.1.2.FormattingauthornamesThelistofauthorsshouldbeindented25mmtomatchtheabstract.Thestyleforthenamesisinitialsthensurname,withacommaafterallbutthelasttwonames,whichareseparatedby‘a(chǎn)nd’.Initialsshouldnothavefullstops—forexampleAJSmithandnotA.J.Smith.Firstnamesinfullmaybeusedifdesired.Ifanauthorhasadditionalinformationtoappearasafootnote,suchasapermanentaddressortoindicatethattheyarethecorrespondingauthor,thefootnoteshouldbeenteredafterthesurname.1.3.FormattingauthoraffiliationsPleaseensurethataffiliationsareasfullandcompleteaspossibleandincludethecountry.Theaddressesoftheauthors’affiliationsfollowthelistofauthorsandshouldalsobeindented25mmtomatchtheabstract.Iftheauthorsareatdifferentaddresses,numberedsuperscriptsshouldbeusedaftereachsurnametoreferenceanauthortohis/heraddress.ThenumberedsuperscriptsshouldnotbeinsertedusingWord’sfootnotecommandbecausethiswillplacethereferenceinthewrongplace—atthebottomofthepage(orendofthedocument)ratherthannexttotheaddress.Ensurethatanynumberedsuperscriptsusedtolinkauthornamesandaddressesstartat1andcontinueontothenumberofaffiliations.Donotaddanyfootnotesuntilalltheauthornamesarelinkedtotheaddresses.Forexample,toformatJMucklow1,3,JEThomas1,4andAJCox2,5wheretherearethreeaddresses,youshouldinsertnumberedsuperscripts1,2and3tolinksurnamestoaddressesandtheninsertfootnotes4and5.Notethatthefirstfootnoteinthemaintextwillnowbenumber?6.1.3.1.Anexample.Inthisexamplewecanseethattherearefootnotesaftereachauthornameandonly5addresses;the6thfootnotemightsay,forexample,‘Authortowhomanycorrespondenceshouldbeaddressed.’Inaddition,acknowledgmentofgrantsorfunding,temporaryaddressesetcmightalsobeindicatedbyfootnotes.
1.FormattingthetextThetextofyourpapershouldbeformattedasfollows:·11pointTimesorTimesNewRoman.·Thetextshouldbesettosinglelinespacing.·Paragraphsshouldbejustified.·Thefirstparagraphafterasectionorsubsectionheadingshouldnotbeindented;subsequentparagraphsshouldbeindentedby5mm.2.Sections,subsectionsandsubsubsectionsTheuseofsectionstodividethetextofthepaperisoptionalandleftasadecisionfortheauthor.Wheretheauthorwishestodividethepaperintosectionstheformattingshownintable2shouldbeused.2.1.StyleandspacingTable2.Formattingsections,subsectionsandsubsubsections.FontSpacingSection11pointTimesbold1linespacebeforeasectionNoadditionalspaceafterasectionheadingSubsection11pointTimesItalic1linespacebeforeasubsectionNospaceafterasubsubsectionheadingSubsubsection11pointTimesItalicSubsubsectionsshouldendwithafullstop(period)andrunintothetextoftheparagraph2.2.NumberingSectionsshouldbenumberedwithadotfollowingthenumberandthenseparatedbyasinglespace:·sectionsshouldbenumbered1,2,3,etc·subsectionsshouldbenumbered2.1,2.2,2.3,etc·subsubsectionsshouldbenumbered2.3.1,2.3.2,etc3.FootnotesFootnotesshouldbeavoidedwheneverpossible.Ifrequiredtheyshouldbeusedonlyforbriefnotesthatdonotfitconvenientlyintothetext.4.FiguresEachfigureshouldhaveabriefcaptiondescribingitand,ifnecessary,akeytointerpretthevariouslinesandsymbolsonthefigure.4.1.SpaceconsiderationsAuthorsshouldtrytomakeeconomicaluseofthespaceonthepage;forexample:·avoidexcessivelylargewhitespacebordersaroundyourgraphics;·trytodesignillustrationsthatmakegooduseoftheavailablespace—avoidunnecessarilylargeamountsofwhitespacewithinthegraphic;
1.1.TextinfiguresWhereverpossibletrytoensurethatthesizeofthetextinyourfigures(apartfromsuperscripts/subscripts)isapproximatelythesamesizeasthemaintext(11points).1.2.LinethicknessIngeneral,trytoavoidextremelyfinelines(oftencalled‘hairline’thickness)becausesuchlinesoftendonotreproducewellwhenprintedout—yourdiagramsmaylosevitalinformationwhendownloadedandprintedbyotherresearchers.Trytoensurethatlinesarenothinnerthan0.25pt.Notethatsomeillustrationsmayreducelinethicknesswhenthegraphicisimportedandreducedinsize(scaleddown)insideMicrosoftWord.1.3.ColourillustrationsYouarefreetousecolourillustrationsfortheonlineversionofJournalofPhysics:ConferenceSeriesbutanyprintversionwillonlybeprintedinblackandwhiteunlessspecialarrangementshavebeenmadewithyourconferenceorganizerforcolourprinting.Pleasecheckwiththeconferenceorganizerwhetherornotthisisthecase.Ifanyprintversionwillbeblackandwhiteonly,youshouldcheckyourfigurecaptionscarefullyandremoveanyreferencetocolourintheillustrationandtext.Inaddition,somecolourfigureswilldegradeorsufferlossofinformationwhenconvertedtoblackandwhiteandthisshouldbetakenintoaccountwhenpreparingthem.1.4.PositioningfiguresIndividualfiguresshouldnormallybecentredbutplacetwofiguresside-by-sideiftheywillfitcomfortablylikethisasitsavesspace.Placethefigureascloseaspossibleafterthepointwhereitisfirstreferencedinthetext.Iftherearealargenumberoffiguresitmightbenecessarytoplacesomebeforetheirtextcitation.Figuresshouldneverappearwithinorafterthereferencelist.1.5.Figurecaptions/numberingCaptionsshouldbebelowthefigureandseparatedfromitbyadistanceof6points—althoughtosavespaceitisacceptabletoputthecaptionnexttothefigure.Figuresshouldbenumberedsequentiallythroughthetext—‘Figure1’,‘Figure2’andsoforthandshouldbereferencedinthetextas‘figure1’,‘figure2’,…andnot‘fig.1’,‘fig.2’,….Forcaptionsnotplacedatthesideofthefigure,captionsshouldbesettothewidthofthefigureforwiderfigures,centredacrossthewidthofthefigure,or,fornarrowfigureswithwidecaptions,slightlyextendedbeyondthewidthofthefigure.Thecaptionshouldfinishwithafullstop(period).1.5.1.Examples.Thefollowingexamplesshowhowtoformatanumberofdifferentfigure/captioncombinations.Notethatthetablebordersareshownasbrokenlinesforguidanceonly.Figure3.Figurewithshortcaption(captioncentred).
Figure4.Thisisafigurewithacaptionthatiswiderthantheactualgraphic.Tosavespaceyoucanputthecaptiontotherightofthefigurebyplacingthegraphicandjustifiedcaptioninatablewithonerowandtwocolumns.Figure5.Inthiscasesimplyjustifythecaptionsothatitisasthesamewidthasthegraphic.Figure6.Thesetwofigureshavebeenplacedside-by-sidetosavespace.Justifythecaption.Figure7.Thesetwofigureshavebeenplacedside-by-sidetosavespace.Justifythecaption.1.1.FiguresinpartsIfafigurehaspartstheseshouldbelabelledas(a),(b),(c)etcontheactualfigure.Partsshouldnothaveseparatecaptions.2.TablesNotethatasageneralprinciple,forlargetablesfontsizescanbereducedtomakethetablefitonapageorfittothewidthofthetext.2.1.Positioningtables
Tablesshouldbecentredunlesstheyoccupythefullwidthofthetext.1.1.TablesinpartsIfatableisdividedintopartstheseshouldbelabelled(a),(b),(c)etcbutthereshouldonlybeonecaptionforthewholetable,notseparateonesforeachpart.1.2.Tablecaptions/numberingTablesshouldbenumberedsequentiallythroughoutthetextandreferredtointhetextbynumber(table1,nottab.1etc).Captionsshouldbeplacedatthetopofthetableandshouldhaveafullstop(period)attheend.Exceptforverynarrowtableswithawidecaption(seeexamplesbelow)thecaptionshouldbethesamewidthasthetable.1.3.RulesintablesTablesshouldhaveonlyhorizontalrulesandnoverticalones.Generally,onlythreerulesshouldbeused:oneatthetopofthetable,oneatthebottom,andonetoseparatetheentriesfromthecolumnheadings.Tablerulesshouldbe0.5pointswide.1.4.ExamplesBecausetablescantakemanyforms,itisdifficulttoprovidedetailedguidelines;however,thefollowingexamplesdemonstrateourpreferredstyles.Table3.Asimpletable.Placethecaptionabovethetable.Herethecaptioniswiderthanthetablesoweextenditslightlyoutsidethewidthofthetable.Justifythetext.Leave6ptofspacebetweenthecaptionandthetopofthetable.Distance(m)Velocity(ms–1)10023.5615034.6420023.7625027.91.4.1.Morecomplextables.Thefollowingisaslightlymorecomplextablewithacaptionthatisnarrowerthanthetable.Centrethecaptionacrossthewidthofthetable.Ifitisdifficulttomakeatablefitthepage,useasmallerfont.HeadingsshouldnormallybeinRoman(i.e.,notboldoritalic)type,haveaninitialcapitalandnormallyalignleft(butcentredsometimeslooksbetter);itisuptotheauthortochoosealayoutthatismostusefultothereader.Columnsofnumbersnormallyalignonthedecimalpoint.Table4.Aslightlymorecomplextablewithanarrowcaption.WakeChiSqr.(N=15,df=1)pStage1ChiSqr.(N=15,df=1)pStage2ChiSqr.(N=15,df=1)pF31.1430.2850.2860.5930.2860.593Fz1.1430.2850.0670.7960.0670.796C42.5710.1090.6000.4391.6670.197
Table5.Aslightlymorecomplextablewithacaptionthatisthesamewidthasthetable.Simplyplacethecaptioninsidearowatthetopofthetableandmerge(combine)thecellstogethersothatyouhaveasingletablecellthewidthofthetable.Justifythecaption.WakeChiSqr.(N=15,df=1)pStage1ChiSqr.(N=15,df=1)pStage2ChiSqr.(N=15,df=1)pF31.1430.2850.2860.5930.2860.593Fz1.1430.2850.0670.7960.0670.796Cz1.1430.2850.0770.7820.2860.5931.1.NotestotablesIfyouwishtoformatatablesothatitcontainsnotes(tablefootnotes)totheentrieswithinthebodyofthetableand/orwithinthetablecaption,thesenotesshouldbeformattedusingalphabeticsuperscriptssuchasa,b,candsoforth.Noteswithinthetablecaptionshouldbelistedfirst.Notesshouldbeplacedatthebottomofthetable;oneconvenientmethodistocreateanemptyrowatthebottomofthetabletocontainthem.Again,mergethecellstogiveyouasinglecellthewidthofthetable.Tablenotesshouldbe10pointTimesRoman.Eachnoteshouldbeonaseparateline.Table6.Atablewithheadingsspanningtwocolumnsandcontainingnotesa.NucleusThickness(mgcm–2)CompositionSeparationenergiesg,n(MeV)g,2n(MeV)181Ta19.3±0.1bNatural7.614.2208Pb3.8±0.8c99%enriched7.414.1209Bi2.6±0.01cNatural7.514.4aNotesarereferencedusingalphasuperscripts.bSelf-supporting.cDepositedoverAlbacking.2.Equationsandmathematics2.1.FontsinEquationEditor(orMathType)MakesurethatyourEquationEditororMathTypefonts,includingsizes,aresetuptomatchthetextofyourdocument.2.2.Pointsofstyle2.2.1.Vectors.Bolditaliccharactersisourpreferredstylebuttheauthormayuseanystandardnotation;forexample,anyofthesestylesforvectorsisacceptable:‘thevectorcrossproductofaandbisgivenby…’,or‘thevectorcrossproductofaandbisgivenby…’,or‘thevectorcrossproductofandisgivenby…’.2.2.2.Thesolidus().Atwo-linesolidusshouldbeavoidedwherepossible;forexample,use·insteadof
·insteadof1.1.1.Romananditalicinmathematics.Variablesshouldbeinitalic;howevertherearesomecaseswhereitisbettertouseaRomanfont:·UseaRomandforadifferentiald,forexample,·UseaRomaneforanexponentiale;forexample,·UseaRomaniforthesquarerootof–1;e.g.,·Certainothercommonmathematicalfunctions,suchascos,sin,detandker,shouldappearinRomantype.·SubscriptsandsuperscriptsshouldbeinRomantypeiftheyarelabelsratherthanvariablesorcharactersthattakevalues.Forexampleintheequationm,thezcomponentofthenuclearspin,isitalicbecauseitcanhavedifferentvalueswhereasnisRomanbecauseitisalabelmeaningnuclear.1.2.AlignmentofmathematicsThepreferredstylefordisplayedmathematicsinJournalofPhysics:ConferenceSeriesistocentreequations;however,longequationsthatwillnotfitononeline,orneedtobecontinuedonsubsequentlines,shouldstartflushleft.Anycontinuationlinesinsuchequationsshouldbeindentedby25mm.Equationsshouldbesplitatmathematicallysoundpoints,oftenimmediatelybefore=,+or–signsorbetweentermsmultipliedtogether.Theconnectingsignsarenotrepeatedandappearonlyatthebeginningoftheturned-overline.Amultiplicationsignshouldbeaddedtothestartofturned-overlineswherethebreakisbetweentwomultipliedterms.1.2.1.Smalldisplayedequations:Someexamples:(1)(2)However,ifequationswillfitononeline,doso;forexample,(5)mayalsobeformattedas:(6)1.2.2.Largedisplayequations:examples.Ifanequationisalmostthewidthofaline,placeitflushleftagainstthemargintoallowroomfortheequationnumber.(7)1.3.Miscellaneouspoints·Exponentialexpressions,especiallythosecontainingsubscriptsorsuperscripts,areclearerifthenotationisused,exceptforsimpleexamples.Forinstance,and
arepreferredtoandbutisacceptable.Similarlythesquarerootsignshouldonlybeusedwithrelativelysimpleexpressions,e.g.andbutinothercasesthepowershouldbeused.·Itisimportanttodistinguishbetweenand·Braces,bracketsandparenthesesshouldbeusedinthefollowingorder:{[()]}.Thesameorderingofbracketsshouldbeusedwithineachsize.However,thisorderingcanbeignoredifthebracketshaveaspecialmeaning(e.g.iftheydenoteanaverageorafunction).·Decimalfractionsshouldalwaysbeprecededbyazero:forexample0.123not.123(note,donotusecommas,usethedecimalpoint).·Equationsthatarereferredtointhetextshouldbenumberedwiththenumberontheright-handside.1.1.EquationnumberingEquationsmaybenumberedsequentiallythroughoutthetext(i.e.,(1),(2),(3),?)ornumberedbysection(i.e.,(1.1),(1.2),(2.1),?)dependingontheauthor’spersonalpreference.Inarticleswithseveralappendicesequationnumberingbysectionisusefulintheappendicesevenwhensequentialnumberinghasbeenusedthroughoutthemainbodyofthetext:forexample,A.1,A.2andsoforth.Whenreferringtoanequationinthetext,alwaysputtheequationnumberinbrackets—e.g.‘a(chǎn)sinequation(2)’or‘a(chǎn)sinequation(2.1)’—andalwaysspellouttheword‘equation’infull,e.g.‘ifequation(5)isfactorized’;donotuseabbreviationssuchas‘eqn.’or‘eq.’.2.AppendicesTechnicaldetailthatitisnecessarytoinclude,butthatinterruptstheflowofthearticle,maybeconsignedtoanappendix.Anyappendicesshouldbeincludedattheendofthemaintextofthepaper,aftertheacknowledgmentssection(ifany)butbeforethereferencelist.IftherearetwoormoreappendicestheyshouldbecalledappendixA,appendixB,etc.Numberedequationsshouldbeintheform(A.1),(A.2),etc,figuresshouldappearasfigureA1,figureB1,etcandtablesastableA1,tableB1,etc.3.ReferencesAspartoftheproductionsystemforJournalofPhysics:ConferenceSeries,onlineversionsofallreferencelistswill,whereverpossible,belinkedelectronicallyusingCrossRef.Consequently,itisvitallyimportantforallthereferencestobeaccurateandtobecarefullyformattedusingtheguidelinesbelow,enablingyourpapertobeavailableonlinewiththeminimumofdelay.Acompletereferenceshouldprovidethereaderwithenoughinformationtolocatethearticleconcerned,whetherpublishedinprintorelectronicform,andshould,dependingonthetypeofreference,consistof:·name(s)andinitials;·datepublished;·titleofjournal,bookorotherpublication;·titlesofjournalarticlesmayalsobeincluded(optional);·volumenumber;·editors,ifany;·townofpublicationandpublisherinparenthesesforbooks;·thepagenumbers.
ForJournalofPhysics:ConferenceSeries,pleaseusetheVancouvernumericalsystemwherereferencesarenumberedsequentiallythroughoutthetext.Thenumbersoccurwithinsquarebrackets,likethis[2],andonenumbercanbeusedtodesignateseveralreferences.Thereferencelistgivesthereferencesinnumerical,notalphabetical,order.Pointstonote·Thereshouldbea5mmgapbetweenthereferencenumber(e.g.,‘[8]’)andthestartofthereferencetext.Secondandsubsequentlinesofindividualreferencesshouldbeindentedby5?mm.Forexample:[1]AderholdJ,DavydovVYu,FedlerF,KlausingH,MisteleD,RotterT,SemchinovaO,StemmerJandGraulJ2001J.Cryst.Growth222701·theauthorsshouldbeintheformsurname(withonlythefirstlettercapitalized)followedbytheinitialswithnoperiodsaftertheinitials.Authorsshouldbeseparatedbyacommaexceptforthelasttwowhichshouldbeseparatedby‘a(chǎn)nd’withnocommaprecedingit.·Thearticletitle(ifgiven)shouldbeinlowercaseletters,exceptforaninitialcapital,andshouldfollowthedate.·Thejournaltitleisinitalicandisabbreviated.IfajournalhasseveralpartsdenotedbydifferentlettersthepartlettershouldbeinsertedafterthejournalinRomantype,e.g.Phys.Rev.A.·Boththeinitialandfinalpagenumbersshouldbegivenwherepossible.Thefinalpagenumbershouldbeintheshortestpossibleformandseparatedfromtheinitialpagenumberbyanenrule‘–‘,e.g.1203–14,i.e.thenumbers‘12’arenotrepeated.·Referencestoprintedjournalarticles.Anormalreferencetoajournalarticlecontainsthreechangesoffont(seetable6).Table6.Fontstylesforareferencetoajournalarticle.ElementStyleAuthors,dateRomantypeArticletitle(optional)RomantypeJournaltitleItalictypeVolumenumberBoldtypePagenumbersRomantypeHerearesomeexamplestakenfrompublishedpapers:[1]StriteSandMorkocH1992J.Vac.Sci.Technol.B101237[2]NakamuraS,SenohM,NagahamaS,IwaseN,YamadaT,MatsushitaT,KiyokuHandSugimotoY1996Japan.J.Appl.Phys.35L741.1.1.Referencestopreprints.Forpreprintstherearetwodistinctcases:1.Wherethearticlehasbeenpublishedinajournalandthepreprintissupplementaryreferenceinformation.Inthiscaseitshouldbepresentedas:
[1]Kunze?K?2003?T-dualityandPenroselimitsofspatiallyhomogeneousandinhomogeneouscosmologies?Phys.Rev.?D?68?063517?(Preprint?gr-qc/0303038)1.Wheretheonlyreferenceavailableisthepreprint.Inthiscaseitshouldbepresentedas[1]MilsonR,ColeyA,PravdaVandPravdovaA2004Alignment?and?algebraically?special?tensorsPreprint?gr-qc/04010101.1.1.Referencestoelectronic-onlyjournals.Ingeneralarticlenumbersaregiven,andnopageranges,asmostelectronic-onlyjournalsstarteacharticleonpage1.·ForSISSAjournalsthevolumeisdividedintomonthlyissuesandtheseformpartofthearticlenumber[1]HorowitzGTandMaldacenaJ2004TheblackholefinalstateJ.HighEnergyPhys.JHEP02(2004)0081.1.2.Referencestobooks,conferenceproceedingsandreports.Referencestobooks,proceedingsandreportsaresimilartojournalreferences,buthaveonlytwochangesoffont(seetable7).Table7.Fontstylesforreferencestobooks,conferenceproceedingsandreports.ElementStyleAuthors,DateRomantypeBooktitleItalictypeEditorsRomantypePlace(city,townetc)ofpublication,publisherRomantypeVolume,pagenumberRomantypePointstonote·Booktitlesareinitalicandshouldbespeltoutinfullwithinitialcapitallettersforallexceptminorwords.WordssuchasProceedings,Symposium,International,Conference,Second,etcshouldbeabbreviatedtoProc.,Symp.,Int.,Conf.,2nd,respectively,buttherestofthetitleshouldbegiveninfull,followedbythedateoftheconferenceandthetownorcitywheretheconferencewasheld.ForLaboratoryReportstheLaboratoryshouldbespeltoutwhereverpossible,e.g.ArgonneNationalLaboratoryReport.·Thevolumenumber,forexamplevol?2,shouldbefollowedbytheeditors,inaformsuchas‘ed?A?J?SmithandP?R?Jones’.Useetaliftherearemorethantwoeditors.Nextcomesthetownofpublicationandpublisher,withinbracketsandseparatedbyacolon,andfinallythepagenumbersprecededbypifonlyonenumberisgivenorppifboththeinitialandfinalnumbersaregiven.Examplestakenfrompublishedpapers:[1]SzeSM1969PhysicsofSemiconductorDevices(NewYork:Wiley–Interscience)[2]DormanLI1975VariationsofGalacticCosmicRays(Moscow:MoscowStateUniversityPress)?p?103
[3]CaplarRandKulisicP1973Proc.Int.Conf.onNuclearPhysics(Munich)vol?1(Amsterdam:North-Holland/AmericanElsevier)?p?517[4]SzytulaAandLeciejewiczJ1989HandbookonthePhysicsandChemistryofRareEarthsvol12,edKAGschneidnerJrandLErwin(Amsterdam:Elsevier)p133[5]KuhnT1998DensitymatrixtheoryofcoherentultrafastdynamicsTheoryofTransportPropertiesofSemiconductorNanostructures(ElectronicMaterialsvol4)edESch?ll(London:ChapmanandHall)chapter6pp173–2141.1.ReferencelistsUptotenauthorsmaybegiveninaparticularreference;wheretherearemorethantenonlythefirstshouldbegivenfollowedbyetal.AbbreviationsofthenamesofperiodicalsusedbyIOPPublishingareusuallythesameasthosegiveninBritishStandardBS4148:1985.Ifanauthorisunsureofanabbreviationitisbesttoleavethetitleinfull.Thetermsloc.cit.andibidshouldnotbeused.Unpublishedconferencesandreportsshouldgenerallynotbeincludedinthereferencelistandarticlesinthecourseofpublicationshouldbeenteredonlyifthejournalofpublicationisknown.Athesissubmittedforahigherdegreemaybeincludedinthereferencelistifithasnotbeensupersededbyapublishedpaperandisavailablethroughalibrary;sufficientinformationshouldbegivenforittobetracedreadily.AcknowledgmentsAuthorswishingtoacknowledgeassistanceorencouragementfromcolleagues,specialworkbytechnicalstafforfinancialsupportfromorganizationsshoulddosoinanunnumberedAcknowledgmentssectionimmediatelyfollowingthelastnumberedsectionofthepaper.
