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1、基于標(biāo)志點(diǎn)的三維點(diǎn)云拼接技術(shù)摘要多視角點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù)拼接是三維形貌測量、三維重構(gòu)中不可或缺的環(huán)節(jié),本文針對實(shí)驗(yàn)室已組建的編碼結(jié)構(gòu)光三維測量系統(tǒng)要求的拼接速度快、拼接準(zhǔn)確度高,研究了多視角點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù)的光學(xué)拼接方法及其關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。本文在總結(jié)分析三維點(diǎn)云拼接技術(shù)和算法的國內(nèi)外現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上,從理論上分析了基于特征標(biāo)志點(diǎn)的拼接方法,設(shè)計(jì)了適用于拼接方法的特征標(biāo)志點(diǎn)圖像處理方案,并且編寫程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)標(biāo)志點(diǎn)二維坐標(biāo)的提取;再分別從視覺效果和量化效果比較三點(diǎn)法和SVD。具體研究內(nèi)容包括:1.首先介紹了標(biāo)志點(diǎn)的選擇和匹配。本文說明了標(biāo)志點(diǎn)的選擇
2、、灰化、平滑、閾值分割、邊緣的檢測與追蹤、圓心定位等方法。并編寫程序?qū)?biāo)志點(diǎn)的二維坐標(biāo)進(jìn)行確定,得到標(biāo)志點(diǎn)的二維坐標(biāo)。2.介紹了拼接原理和兩種快速拼接算法的基本原理。并從理論上分析了三點(diǎn)法、SVD法兩種基于標(biāo)志點(diǎn)的拼接方法的準(zhǔn)確度和速度。通過編程實(shí)現(xiàn)算法的計(jì)算過程,評價(jià)了上述拼接方法的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)和精度。3.介紹了拼接系統(tǒng)的主要結(jié)構(gòu)和拼接實(shí)驗(yàn)。拼接系統(tǒng)的主要結(jié)構(gòu)分為硬件結(jié)構(gòu)和軟件結(jié)構(gòu),并說了各部分的作用;重點(diǎn)分析了拼接實(shí)驗(yàn)的過程,通過視覺效果和量化效果兩方面的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果比較三點(diǎn)法和SVD法,以標(biāo)志點(diǎn)重合度量化評價(jià)了拼接準(zhǔn)
3、確度。關(guān)鍵詞 視覺測量;拼接;SVD;標(biāo)志點(diǎn)定位Marker-basedThree-dimensionalCloudRegistrationTechniquesAbstractMultiple-viewsregistrationpointclouddataisoneoftheindispensiblepartsof3Dtopographymeasurementand3Dreconstruction.Sointhispaper,accordingtothecharacteristicsofencodedstruct
4、ured-lightof3Dmeasurementsystemsetupinthelabwhichisnotedforhighaccuracy,fastregistrationspeed,applyingforintegralmeasurementofindustrialcomponent,itresearchesonopticalregistrationmethodofpointclouddataandkeytechnology.Baseonsummarizingdomesticandoverseasstatu
5、softechnologyofobtainingpointclouddata,registeringpointclouddataand3Dreconstruction,itanalysestheregistrationmethodbaseonfeaturemarkedpointintheory,anddesignsaplanforfeaturemarkedpointimageprocessing;Andwriteaprogramtoextractthetwo-dimensionalcoordinatesoflan
6、dmarks;andthencomparethetworegistrationalgorithm.Eventually,SVDalgorithmhasthehighestaccuracy.Thispaperstudiesthespecificcontentsincludethefollowingthreeaspects:1.Firstpartisthesignspointselectionandmatching.Thisarticledescribestheselectionofsignspoint,includ
7、ingashing,smooth,thresholdsegmentation,edgedetectionandtracking,ponsitioningthecenterandothermethods.Andprogramtodeterminetwo-dimensionalcoordinatesoflandmarks.2.Secondpartdescribestheprincipleandtworapidregistrationalgorithmofthebasicprinciples.Anditanalyses
8、theaccuracyandspeedofthethree-pointmethod,andSVDbasedonmarkedpoint.thealgorithmprocessisfinishedbyprogramming,andevaluatingtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthemethod.3.Thirdpartisthesystem’