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1、2018年可銳考研英語(yǔ)閱讀文章精選(四)BookReview;Ahistoryofdieting;Bingeandpurge 書評(píng);節(jié)食的歷史;狂歡和清理; CaloriesandCorsets:AHistoryofDietingOver2000Years.ByLouiseFoxcroft. 《卡路里和束身衣:2000年來的節(jié)食歷史》LousiseFoxcroft著?! fterthebingeoftheholidays,manystumbleintoJanuarywithahangover,somefragileresolutionsandadesi
2、retoshedafewpounds.Alas,fewwillbenefitfromrigidcalorie-countingorcabbage-soupslurping.Inarecentstudyof31long-termdietplans,theAmericanPsychologicalAssociationfoundthatuptotwo-thirdsofparticipantsendedupheavierthanbeforetheystarted.Somedietsaremoresensiblethanothers,butanyregimenthat
3、promisesswiftanddramaticresultswilldoommostfollowerstofailure.Weight-losspillsandsurgeryaresimilarlyineffective—andsometimesdangerous—overtime.Yetgirth-managementisbigbusiness,fullofcharismatichuckstersandfakescience,earning$40billionayearinAmericaalone. 在假日的狂歡之后,許多人宿醉,下著不堅(jiān)定的決心,立志要
4、減去數(shù)磅體重,在跌跌撞撞中進(jìn)入了一月。哎呀,少有人會(huì)得益于嚴(yán)格計(jì)算卡路里飲食或是食用卷心菜湯所帶來的好處。最近有一項(xiàng)關(guān)于31個(gè)長(zhǎng)期節(jié)食計(jì)劃的研究,美國(guó)心理協(xié)會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)有超過三分之二的參與者在結(jié)束計(jì)劃時(shí)比他們開始時(shí)還要重。一些飲食計(jì)劃明顯比其他的要有效果,但是任何承諾快速有效的養(yǎng)生方法都注定讓它的實(shí)踐者們失敗。減肥藥片和手術(shù)經(jīng)過時(shí)間的驗(yàn)證,同樣效果不佳——有時(shí)甚至很危險(xiǎn)。然而,腰圍管理仍然是一件大事,這里充滿著有推銷能力的商家和偽科學(xué),每年就僅僅在美國(guó)就可以掙得400億美元?! 癟hedietindustryisallaboutexploitationandpro
5、fit,”writesLouiseFoxcroftin“CaloriesandCorsets”,herslimnewbookaboutthehistoryofdieting.Lessabanquetthanatastingmenu,shechroniclesmorethan2,000yearsofmovers,shakersandtummy-tuckers,highlightingboththewiseandthewacky. “節(jié)食產(chǎn)業(yè)幾乎只有開發(fā)和盈利”LouiseFoxcroft在《卡路里和束束身衣》一書中寫道,她薄薄的新書描述了節(jié)食的歷史。她的書與其
6、說是一場(chǎng)盛宴,不如說是一本激起人食欲的菜單,F(xiàn)oxcroft按時(shí)間順序,編寫了2000多年來的行動(dòng)者,有影響的人物和減肥人士,既寫聰明人,也記敘古怪的人?! heworddietcomesfromtheGreekdiaita,anapproachtohealththatlinkedthementalwiththephysical.Classicalphysicianssawbeingtoofatorthinasasignofanimbalance.Man“cannotlivehealthilyonfoodwithoutacertainamountofexer
7、cise”,observedHippocrates,whobelievedinbreakfast,longwalksandprudentvomiting.PhilosopherssuchasSocratessawarelationshipbetweenfoodandethics,asatasteforluxuryoftenleadstogreedandunjustbehaviour. “diet”節(jié)食這個(gè)單詞來源于希臘語(yǔ)“diata”,意思是使身體和心靈都健康的方法。傳統(tǒng)的醫(yī)師認(rèn)為太胖或者太瘦都是不平衡的標(biāo)志。人類“依靠食物健康地生存必須要有定量的運(yùn)動(dòng)”希波
8、克拉底得出這個(gè)結(jié)論,他崇尚早餐,長(zhǎng)距離