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1、317]REVERSECOST-SHIFTING351RethinkingOptimalityinTortLitigation:ThePromiseofReverseCost-ShiftingJonathanFischbach&MichaelFischbach*JonathanD.FischbachreceivedanA.B.fromWoodrowWilsonSchoolofPublicandInternationalAffairsofPrincetonUniversityin1998andlaterreceivedaJ.D.fromCornellLawSchoolin2002.After
2、servingaclerkshipwithTheHonorableKermitV.LipezatUnitedStatesCourtofAppealsfortheFirstCircuitfrom2004-05,JonathannowpracticesasanassociateintheAntitrustandTradeRegulationGroupofMorgan,Lewis&BockiusinPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania.MichaelFischbachreceivedhisA.B.fromHarvardUniversityin2003andiscurrentlyac
3、andidateforaPh.D.fromtheDepartmentofChemistryandChemicalBiology,HarvardUniversity.TheauthorsaregratefultoMaxGulkerandEphraimFischbachforhelpfulsuggestionsandacriticalreadingofthemanuscript.I.IntroductionOfalltheknownmethodsofredressinggrievancesandsettlingdisputes—pitchedbattle,rioting,dueling,med
4、iating,flippingacoin,suing—onlythelatterhassteadilywonthedayintheUnitedStates.-JethroK.Lieberman,TheLitigiousSociety.JethroK.Lieberman,TheLitigiousSocietyxi(1981)Overthepasttwodecades,policymakerssoughttostemthedestructivesocialeffectsofthe“l(fā)itigationexplosion”.SeegenerallyWalterK.Olson,TheLitigat
5、ionExplosion:WhatHappenedWhenAmericaUnleashedtheLawsuit152(1991).bydevelopingalternativestothefamiliar“AmericanRule”offee-shifting.Fee-shiftingrulesofferedapromisingavenueofreform.Prevailingeconomicwisdomheldthatpartiesweighedtheanticipatedbenefitsandcostsoflitigatingwhendeterminingwhethertosettle
6、orgotocourt..SeeJanetCooperAlexander,DotheMeritsMatter?AStudyofSettlementsinSecuritiesClassActions,43Stan.L.Rev.497,501-02(1991);RobertD.Cooter&DanielL.Rubinfeld,EconomicAnalysisofLegalDisputesandTheirResolution,27J.Econ.Literature1067(1989).Hence,rulesthatshiftedliabilityforattorneys’feesbetweenp
7、artiesinvariablyinfluencedlitigationpatterns.Thispoweroffee-shiftingrulestoalterlitigationbehaviorwasmanifestintheCongressionalpracticeofattachingfee-shiftingprovisionstostatutesestablishingimportantfederalrights
