城市重建，過去與現(xiàn)在[外文翻譯]

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1、本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文翻譯原文：URBANREDEVELOPMENT,PASTANDPRESENTUrban“redevelopment”hasemerged,inrecentyears,asoneofthekeyconcernsofurbansocialscienceinboththeoreticalandempirical-basedsettings.Thisreflectsaconcomitanttrendassociatedwithurbanstudiesmoregenerally,t

2、owardspecifyingtheeconomic,political,andculturalfactorsresponsibleforunevenmetropolitandevelopment.Indeed,evenacausallookatourmetropolitanareasrevealsthattheyarecomposedofmanydifferentcitiesandspatialformsthatdividedaccordingtodifferentlandusesaswell

3、asrelatedtopatternsofraceandclass.Onecityisreservedfortherichandaffluent;anotheriscomposedofworking-classandmiddle-classneighborhoods;otherareascatertocommercialinterests,entertainment,tourists,andconsumers;andstillotherslanguishinchronicdisinvestmen

4、tanddecay,reservedforthehomeless,thepoor,minorities,andtheurbanunderclass.Thesecontrastsarequitegraphic,asanyonetouringourmetropolitanareascanattest,andrepresentsanextremecrisisofinequalityproducedbytheunevennatureofmetropolitandevelopmentandgrowth.T

5、hecitycontinuestoprovidetheprimesocio-spatialcontextwithinwhicheconomicandpoliticalelitesandordinarypeopleconstructandactouttheprocessesofdisinvestment,fiscalcrisis,andinnercity“renaissance.”Inrecentyears,scholarshavebeguntostudyredevelopmentwithaney

6、etowardclarifyingthelinksbetweenmacrostructuralprocesses,specificurbanredevelopmentefforts,andlocallylivedrealities.Thisreviewissuewillthereforeconsiderthesignificanceofurbanredevelopmentasafocusforurbantheoryandurbanresearch,outliningwhatsuchtheoret

7、icalandmethodologicalcontributionsandchangesmaymeanforthefutureofurbanscholarship.Thestudyofcities,urbanism,andurbanchange–redevelopment,disinvestment,andsoon–hasarichtraditioninurbanscholarship.EuropeanssuchasMarxandEngels,Weber,andSimmeldevotedmuch

8、thoughttotheimportanceofthecity,forexample,asaseatoftheemergingcapitalisteconomy,asitepoliticalandeconomicpower,andforceofculturalchangethataffectsmentallife.IntheUnitedStares,theearlyChicagoSchoolurbansociologistsfocusedtheirempiricalattentiononthes