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1、Chapter4OpenAccessE-booksE.S.HellmanAbstractThereductionincirculationforcedpublisherstoraiseAse-booksemergeintothepublicconsciousness,“opensubscriptionpricesfurthertomakeendsmeet,andaccess”(aconceptalreadyfamiliartoscholarlypublisherstheresultingcycleofcancellat
2、ionsandpriceincreasesandacademiclibraries),willplayanincreasingroleforallledtoafearthatthewholesystemwouldcollapse.Ifsortsofpublishersandlibraries.ThischapterofTheNofewlibrariescouldaffordsubscriptions,fewerschol-ShelfRequiredGuidetoE-bookPurchasingdiscussesthea
3、rswouldbeabletoreadthearticles,diminishingthemeaningofopenaccessinthecontextofe-books,thewaysattractivenessofpublishing.openaccesse-bookscanbesupported,andtherolesthatTheadventofWeb-basedpublicationsintheopenaccesse-bookswillplayinlibrariesandinoursociety.1990sl
4、edmanytobelievethatthesolutiontotheseri-alscrisiswouldbeashiftofthescholarlypublishingindustrytoso-called“openaccess”businessmodels.TheOpenAccess“Movement”O(jiān)penaccesspublicationsarethosethatcanbereadatnocosttothereaderorthereader’sinstitution.TheAuthorswriteandpu
5、blishbecausetheywanttobetraditionalmodelofpublishingsupportedbysubscrip-read.Manyauthorsalsowanttoearnalivingfromtionfeeswasthusstyled“toll-access”publishing.Ittheirwriting,butforsome,incomefrompublishingwashopedthatthecostreductionsfromthecombina-isnotanimporta
6、ntconsideration.Someauthors,par-tionofdigitaldistributionandautomationwouldstopticularlyacademics,publishbecauseofthestatus,thecycleofrisingexpenditures.prestige,andprofessionaladvancementthataccruePerhapsthemostsuccessfulimplementationoftoauthorsofinfluentialor
7、groundbreakingworksofopenaccesshasbeenarXiv,adatabaseofdigitalpre-scholarship.Academicpublishershavehistoricallyprintsandreprints(“e-prints”)originallyfocusingontakenadvantageofthesemotivationstocreatejour-theparticlephysicscommunity.StartedbyPaulGin-nalsandmono
8、graphsconsistinglargelyofworksforsparg,aphysicistatLosAlamosNationalLabs,arXiviswhichtheypayminimalroyalties,ormorecommonly,nowlocatedatCornellUniversityandhostsmoret
