磷酸一銨氫氧化鉀生產(chǎn)磷酸二氫鉀20140225

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1、磷酸一銨氫氧化鉀生產(chǎn)磷酸二氫鉀一、反應(yīng)原理NH4H2PO4+KOH=KH2PO4+NH3+H2O115561361718845.59411.761000125132.35各物質(zhì)在水中溶解度Kg/KgH2O溶解度kg/kgH2O溫度℃KH2PO4NH4H2PO4K2SO4KOH00.1480.2270.07350.976100.1830.29530.09221.02200.2260.37360.11111.12300.2800.46410.12971.26400.3350.56740.14761.35500.4070.68

2、010.1650600.5010.82480.18171.48700.6050.99200.1975800.7041.18340.2141.62900.7851.4280.2281000.8351.73220.2411.79NH4H2PO4與KOH進(jìn)行復(fù)分解反應(yīng)，采用蒸發(fā)脫氨方法使反應(yīng)趨于完全。溶解度圖二、NH4H2PO4溶液配制利用濃縮蒸汽冷凝水配制NH4H2PO4溶液，以1000kg結(jié)晶為基準(zhǔn)，溶液溫度為60℃。NH4H2PO4結(jié)晶組成物料名稱物料量(kg)分率%干基分率%NH4H2PO4934.793.4798.3

3、9(NH4)2HPO41.40.140.15(NH4)2SO412.21.221.29(NH4)2SiF61.30.130.14不溶物雜質(zhì)0.40.040.04干基∑950.095.00100H2O50.05.00∑100010060℃時(shí)NH4H2PO4在水中溶解度為82.48g/100gH2O，934.7kgNH4H2PO4需水量為934.7/0.8248=1133.24kg。為防止溶液降溫有結(jié)晶析出，水過量5%，即加入水量為1189.90kg，取水量為1200kg。溶液成分表物料名稱物料量(kg)分率%kg/kgH2

4、ONH4H2PO4934.742.490.7478(NH4)2HPO41.40.060.0012(NH4)2SO412.20.550.0098(NH4)2SiF61.30.060.0010不溶物雜質(zhì)0.40.02干基∑950.043.18H2O1250.056.82∑2200100三、反應(yīng)物料平衡(以1000kg磷酸一銨結(jié)晶為計(jì)算基準(zhǔn)，配制溶液量為2200kg)主要化學(xué)反應(yīng)NH4H2PO4+KOH=KH2PO4+NH3+H2O115561361718934.7455.161105.38138.17146.30（NH4）2

5、SO4+2KOH=K2SO4+2NH3+2H2O1322×561742×172×1812.2010.3516.083.143.33（NH4）2SiF6+2KOH=K2SiF6+2NH3+2H2O1782×562202×172×181.300.821.610.250.26(NH4)2HPO4+2KOH=K2HPO4+2NH3+2H2O1322×561742×172×181.401.191.850.360.38總消耗KOH量：455.16+10.35+0.82+1.19=467.52kg總生成NH3量：138.17+3.14

6、+0.25+0.36=141.92kg總生成H2O量：146.30+3.33+0.26+0.38=150.27kg生成KH2PO4量：1105.38kg生成K2SO4量：16.08kg生成K2SiF6量：1.61kg生成K2HPO4量：1.85kg消耗40%KOH量：467.52/40%=1168.80kg，其中水701.28kg物料平衡表反應(yīng)物生成物磷酸一銨溶物料質(zhì)量物料質(zhì)量分率%液NH4H2PO4934.7KH2PO41105.38(NH4)2HPO41.4K2SO416.08(NH4)2SO412.2K2SiF61

7、.61(NH4)2SiF61.3K2HPO41.85不溶物雜質(zhì)0.4NH3141.92干基∑950.0不溶物雜質(zhì)0.40H2O1250.0H2O2101.55∑2200∑3368.79堿液KOH467.52H2O701.28∑1168.80∑3368.80反應(yīng)生成物組成物料名稱物料量(kg)分率%Kg/kgH2OKH2PO41105.3832.810.5260K2SO416.080.480.0077K2SiF61.610.05K2HPO41.850.05NH3141.924.21不溶物雜質(zhì)0.400.01∑干1267.2

8、437.62H2O2101.5562.38∑3368.79100四、汽提脫氨濃縮濃縮終點(diǎn)的確定濃縮液沸點(diǎn)溫度為113℃，在地下槽時(shí)溫度降為10℃，輸送管路溫度降為2℃，為安全起見（防止在管路中結(jié)晶堵塞管道），當(dāng)混合溶液溫度降至90℃時(shí)為飽和溶液。KH2PO4在90℃時(shí)溶解度0.785kg/kgH2O則濃縮終點(diǎn)混合溶液