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1、第八章細(xì)胞增殖和凋亡異常與疾病細(xì)胞增殖和凋亡異常與疾病AbnormalCellProliferation,ApoptosisandRelatedofDisease裸鼠的結(jié)腸癌病理模型復(fù)制胃癌手術(shù)后腫瘤細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)移患者(患者處于惡液質(zhì)狀態(tài))瘤細(xì)胞為什么會(huì)發(fā)生?AbnormalApoptosisandDiseasesAbnormalProliferationandDiseases《細(xì)胞增殖異常與疾病》AbnormalCellProliferationandDiseases一、細(xì)胞周期及其調(diào)控細(xì)胞周期概念
2、(ConceptandphasesofCellcycle)【CellProliferation】細(xì)胞分裂和再生的過程,細(xì)胞通過分裂進(jìn)行增殖,把遺傳信息傳給子代,保持物種的延續(xù)和數(shù)量增多。細(xì)胞增殖異?!黾?xì)胞增殖↓、分化不良(過度)組織器官發(fā)育不全■細(xì)胞增殖↑、分化不全腫瘤發(fā)生【Cellcycle】Cellcycleisdefinedasaperiodfromtheendofonedivisiontothebeginningofnextdivisionofaproliferativecell.細(xì)胞周
3、期分期(Bystages)G1→S→G2→M【細(xì)胞增殖過程】細(xì)胞增殖異常細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)DNA復(fù)制細(xì)胞分裂細(xì)胞周期細(xì)胞周期的控制(Regulationofthecellcycle)細(xì)胞增殖異常1.細(xì)胞周期自身控制(Regulationofintracellularsignals)細(xì)胞周期調(diào)控機(jī)制的核心是一組周期素依賴性蛋白激酶(Cyclindependentkinase,CDKs)Keyspot:Cyclin、CDKs、CDI、Checkpointofcellcycle。Regulationofthec
4、ellcycleRegulationofthecellcyclebyintracellularsignalsRegulationofthecellcyclebyextracellularsignals■Cyclin與CDKs●Cyclin【Classification】CyclinB1、CyclinA、CyclinE、CyclinD1,D2,D3.F,G,H,T。細(xì)胞增殖異常CDKPSTAIREcyclinCDKCyclin/CDKCombine圖Cyclinbox結(jié)構(gòu)與功能100aa組成cyc
5、linboxCyclin-COOHH2N-催化亞基調(diào)節(jié)亞基Cyclin-CDK復(fù)合物及其相關(guān)蛋白Cyclins相關(guān)CDKs細(xì)胞周期作用相關(guān)蛋白低物降解ACDK1,CDK2S+G2,Mp107+E2F,p21,PCNARbubiquitinB(B1,B2)CDK1(cdc2)G2,Mp21,PCNARbubiquitinCCDK8G1--PESTD(D1-3)CDK4(2,5,6)G1Rb,p21,p27,p15,p16,PCNARbPESTECDK2G1+G1,Sp107+E2F,p21,PCN
6、ARbPESTF-S---G-G1---HCDK7G1,S,G2,M-CDK1,4,6-Cyclin周期變化圖細(xì)胞增殖異常PEST短壽命蛋白C-末端都有一個(gè)(或一個(gè)以上)富含Pro(P),Glu(E),Ser(S)和Thr(T)的序列(脯氨酸(P),谷氨酸(E),絲氨酸(S),及蘇氨酸(T)殘基)的40個(gè)aa殘基組成的結(jié)構(gòu)域,簡(jiǎn)稱PEST序列,它可以影響到某些蛋白的穩(wěn)定性。PEST樣序列中3個(gè)賴氨酰殘基可能是其泛素化結(jié)合位點(diǎn),將3個(gè)賴氨酰殘基都進(jìn)行突變,ste3p的泛素化和胞吞會(huì)嚴(yán)重受損。Cyc
7、lins降解主要是泛素-蛋白酶體進(jìn)行泛素化降解細(xì)胞增殖異常泛素蛋白質(zhì)降解的蛋白質(zhì)SUMO【CDK1活化啟動(dòng)cellcycle】CDK1活化Cyclin與CDK1結(jié)合、磷酸化CAK對(duì)CDK1活化部位的磷酸化Cellcycle●CDKs家族CDKs是一組絲氨酸/蘇氨酸蛋白激酶。稱為CDK1~9。細(xì)胞增殖異常Thr14、Tyr15抑制部位去磷酸化CDK活化激酶(CDKactivationkinaseCAK)細(xì)胞增殖異?!綜DKs活化部位與抑制部位】CAK對(duì)CDK1活化部位磷酸化活化,同時(shí)伴有抑制部位磷
8、酸化活化?!罨课唬–DK1Thr161)磷酸化▲抑制部位(CDK1Thr14、Tyr15)去磷酸化依賴P80cdc25酶作用▲CDK2與cyclinE和A結(jié)合后識(shí)別染色體ARS促進(jìn)S期▲CDK1與cyclinB1結(jié)合(Maturationpromotingfactor,MPF)啟動(dòng)M期▲CDK1與cyclinA結(jié)合啟動(dòng)G2期磷酸酶P80cdc25【CDK活化與調(diào)控細(xì)胞周期】▲CDK2與cyclinE結(jié)合,CDK4、CDK6與cyclinD1、D2、D3結(jié)合pRb磷酸化游離E2F釋放↑啟動(dòng)G1