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1、JournalofComputer-MediatedCommunicationNumberMatters:TheMultimodalityofInternetUseasanIndicatoroftheDigitalInequalitiesLuWeiCollegeofMediaandInternationalCultureZhejiangUniversityThisstudyexploresthemultimodalityofInternetuseasacriticalindicatorofdig
2、italinequalities.Ratherthanrelyingontraditionalmeasuresofuser/nonuserandinformation/entertainmentuses,thisstudyfocusesonabroadscopeofonlineactivitiesandinvestigatesthemcollectively.ResultsshowthatthemoremodesofInternetactivitiespeopleareengagedin,the
3、moreadvancedusestheywilladdtotheironlinebehaviors.Female,older,poorer,andlesseducatedonlyusetheInternetforverylimitedbasicapplications,whichareassociatedwithfewerpoliticalcommunicationandparticipation.WhilepreviousresearchconcludesthatthetypeofIntern
4、etactivitiesmatters,thisstudysuggeststhatitisthenumberoftypesthatmattersinexaminingpotentialinequalitiesandtheirsocialconsequences.Keywords:Multimodality,digitaldivide,digitalinequalities,Internetuse,politicalparticipationdoi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2012
5、.01578.xTherehasbeenarecentconceptualshiftintheresearchofthedigitaldivide.AstheInternethaspenetratedmostpartoftheworld,theoriginalaccessdividegraduallyshrinkswhileanewformofthedigitaldivide,theusagegap,emerges.Someevenarguethatthebinarytermdivideneed
6、tobereconsideredandmodi?edtomoreappropriateconstructssuchascontinuum,gradations,orinequalities(Gunkel,2003;Hargittai&Hinnant,2008;Livingstone&Helsper,2007;Selwyn,2004).Insupportofthisshiftingresearchagenda,thisstudyproposestheconceptofmultimodalInter
7、netuseasanindicatorofdigitalinequalities.WhilethetermmultimodalityisusuallyusedinHumanComputerInteraction(HCI)researchtorefertodifferentmodesofcommunicationaccordingtohumansenses(e.g.,body,gesture,gaze,andaffectiveinteraction),ithasbeenadoptedinmanyc
8、ontextsandacrossseveraldisciplines(Bernsen,1994;Jaimes&Sebe,2007).AsInternetusersareengagedinincreasinglywiderspectrumofInternetapplications,thistermhasbeenusedtodescribethemixed-modenatureofhumansInternetuse(Walther&Parks,2002).De?nedbytherangeorbre
