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1、非謂語動詞動詞的非限定形式(Thenon-finiteformsoftheverb)一、所謂非謂語動詞,就是不用來作謂語的動詞的其它形式。在英語中,一個句子中如果出現(xiàn)兩個動詞或者兩個以上的動詞,留下一個作謂語,其它的動詞可用做從句的謂語動詞或者用做非謂語動詞的三種形式之一。一.todo動詞不定式非謂語二.doing現(xiàn)在分詞/動名詞動詞三.done動詞的過去分詞1.將來的/未發(fā)生的動作一.todo2.動作的過程3.動作的結(jié)果主動形式被動形式一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone進(jìn)行式tobedoing______完成進(jìn)行式toha
2、vebeendoing______1.不定式的形式1)Iwanttobuyanewcoat.2)SheseemedtobewritingaletterwhenIentered.3)Hewassaidtohavestudiedabroad,butIdon’tknowwhichcountryhestudiedin.4)MrCrossseemedtohavemetthevisitorsomewhere.5)DoyouwanttobetaughtFrench?6)Heissaidtohavebeenwritinghispaperallthemorning.2.不定式在句中的作用:1
3、)Toseeonceisbetterthantohearahundredtimes.(主語)2)Herwishistobecomeaworld-famouspopstar.(表語)3)Hedecidedtohaveanothertry.(賓語)4)Shepromisednottotellliesinfuture.(賓語)5)Ihavealotofhomeworktodotoday.(定語)6)ToimproveouroralEnglish,wefindasmanyopportunitiesaswecantopractisespeaking.(狀語)7)Theyhurried
4、tothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadalreadyleft.(狀語)8)I’mgladtoseeyou.(狀語)9)We’reexpectinghertocomeback.(賓補)10)Isawthethiefbreakintothehouse.(賓補)(復(fù)合賓語)對比:Weoftenhearherplaythepianoatthenextdoor.(動作的過程)Weheardherplayingthepianoatthenextdoorjustnow.(兩個動作同時發(fā)生)*用法:1.使役動詞make/let/have和感官動詞see/loo
5、kat/notice/listen(to)/hear/help/watch…等后面跟省去to的動詞不定式,e.g.Shehadmerecitethewholetextthismorning.Ilistenedtothebirdssinginthewood.Theywerewatchingthebabyplayinthegarden.*注意:1)在使役動詞中,只有make能用在被動中。I’mmadetodosomehouseworkatweekend,washingdishes,forexample.2)而且所有這些動詞用在被動時不省略“to”.e.g.Theoldladyw
6、ashelpedtowalkacrossthestreet.Sheisoftenseentodosomeexerciseearlyinthemorning.2.以下動詞如wish,hope,manage,ask,offer,promise,pretend,decide,agree,expect之后用不定式作賓語或跟復(fù)合賓語。Theparentsareexpectingtheirsontocomebackhomeasearlyasquickly.Theymanagedtogetsomewaterforthewoundedsoldiers.3、動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)如果不定式的邏
7、輯主語是不定式的執(zhí)行者,用主動語態(tài);而如果不定式的邏輯主語是不定式動作的承受者,則用動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)。It’snecessaryforhertobeinvitedtothemeeting.It’sagreathonorformetobeaskedtomakeaspeechhere.Iwishtobegivenmoretime.There’smuchtobedonetoprotectourearthfrombeingfurtherpolluted.4.動詞不定式之后用主動代替被動語態(tài):1)系表結(jié)構(gòu)之后,e.g.T