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1、非謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞的非限定形式（Thenon-finiteformsoftheverb)一、所謂非謂語動(dòng)詞，就是不用來作謂語的動(dòng)詞的其它形式。在英語中，一個(gè)句子中如果出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞或者兩個(gè)以上的動(dòng)詞，留下一個(gè)作謂語，其它的動(dòng)詞可用做從句的謂語動(dòng)詞或者用做非謂語動(dòng)詞的三種形式之一。一.todo動(dòng)詞不定式非謂語二.doing現(xiàn)在分詞/動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)詞三.done動(dòng)詞的過去分詞1.將來的/未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作一.todo2.動(dòng)作的過程3.動(dòng)作的結(jié)果主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone進(jìn)行式tobedoing______完成進(jìn)行式toha
2、vebeendoing______1.不定式的形式1)Iwanttobuyanewcoat.2)SheseemedtobewritingaletterwhenIentered.3)Hewassaidtohavestudiedabroad,butIdon’tknowwhichcountryhestudiedin.4)MrCrossseemedtohavemetthevisitorsomewhere.5)DoyouwanttobetaughtFrench?6)Heissaidtohavebeenwritinghispaperallthemorning.2.不定式在句中的作用：1
3、)Toseeonceisbetterthantohearahundredtimes.(主語)2)Herwishistobecomeaworld-famouspopstar.(表語)3)Hedecidedtohaveanothertry.(賓語)4)Shepromisednottotellliesinfuture.(賓語)5)Ihavealotofhomeworktodotoday.(定語)6)ToimproveouroralEnglish,wefindasmanyopportunitiesaswecantopractisespeaking.(狀語)7)Theyhurried
4、tothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadalreadyleft.(狀語)8)I’mgladtoseeyou.(狀語)9)We’reexpectinghertocomeback.（賓補(bǔ)）10)Isawthethiefbreakintothehouse.（賓補(bǔ)）(復(fù)合賓語)對(duì)比：Weoftenhearherplaythepianoatthenextdoor.（動(dòng)作的過程）Weheardherplayingthepianoatthenextdoorjustnow.(兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生）*用法：1.使役動(dòng)詞make/let/have和感官動(dòng)詞see/loo
5、kat/notice/listen(to)/hear/help/watch…等后面跟省去to的動(dòng)詞不定式，e.g.Shehadmerecitethewholetextthismorning.Ilistenedtothebirdssinginthewood.Theywerewatchingthebabyplayinthegarden.*注意：1)在使役動(dòng)詞中,只有make能用在被動(dòng)中。I’mmadetodosomehouseworkatweekend,washingdishes,forexample.2)而且所有這些動(dòng)詞用在被動(dòng)時(shí)不省略“to”.e.g.Theoldladyw
6、ashelpedtowalkacrossthestreet.Sheisoftenseentodosomeexerciseearlyinthemorning.2.以下動(dòng)詞如wish,hope,manage,ask,offer,promise,pretend,decide,agree,expect之后用不定式作賓語或跟復(fù)合賓語。Theparentsareexpectingtheirsontocomebackhomeasearlyasquickly.Theymanagedtogetsomewaterforthewoundedsoldiers.3、動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)如果不定式的邏
7、輯主語是不定式的執(zhí)行者，用主動(dòng)語態(tài)；而如果不定式的邏輯主語是不定式動(dòng)作的承受者，則用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。It’snecessaryforhertobeinvitedtothemeeting.It’sagreathonorformetobeaskedtomakeaspeechhere.Iwishtobegivenmoretime.There’smuchtobedonetoprotectourearthfrombeingfurtherpolluted.4.動(dòng)詞不定式之后用主動(dòng)代替被動(dòng)語態(tài)：1）系表結(jié)構(gòu)之后，e.g.T
