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1、炭基肥料種類對土壤物理性質(zhì)及玉米產(chǎn)量的影響河北農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué),2011,15(5):50—53JournalofHebeiAgriculturalSciences編輯杜曉東炭基肥料種類對土壤物理性質(zhì)及玉米產(chǎn)量的影響盧廣遠(yuǎn),張艷,王祥福,孟彥(河南省商丘市農(nóng)林科學(xué)研究所,河南商丘476000)摘要:炭基肥料是利用生物質(zhì)炭與其他肥料混合制成的長效肥料,具有肥效高,無毒無害,改善土壤理化性質(zhì),不污染環(huán)境,減少化肥農(nóng)藥使用量等優(yōu)點(diǎn).為了篩選適于玉米生產(chǎn)的炭基肥料,以玉米鄭單958為試材,以玉米專用肥為對照,在施肥量均為1080ks/hm條件下,研究了炭粉和氮磷鉀養(yǎng)分配比不同的4種炭基肥料對商丘地區(qū)土壤pH值
2、和容重的影響以及在玉米上的施用效果.結(jié)果表明:施用炭基肥料可以調(diào)節(jié)土壤pH值向中性靠近,提高疏松土壤的容重從而改善其通氣透水性能,且這種調(diào)節(jié)作用均隨炭粉施用量的增加而加大,但在較短時(shí)間內(nèi)效果并不顯著.不同炭基肥料對玉米產(chǎn)量性狀和產(chǎn)量的影響不同,其中,施用YrI'3炭基肥料的玉米穗長,穗粗,出籽率,穗粒數(shù)和千粒重均最大,最終產(chǎn)量最高為9726.90ks/hm,較CK增產(chǎn)10.94%,增產(chǎn)極顯著;施用YT2炭基肥料的產(chǎn)量(9339.45ks/hm)次之,增產(chǎn)率為6.52%,增產(chǎn)顯著.在商丘地區(qū),施用Yrr3和Y炭基肥料均可以優(yōu)化土壤的物理性狀,改善玉米的產(chǎn)量性狀,最終顯著提高玉米產(chǎn)量,其效果明顯優(yōu)
3、于施用化學(xué)肥料.關(guān)鍵詞:炭基肥料;土壤pH值;土壤容重;玉米;產(chǎn)量性狀;產(chǎn)量中圖分類號:S147.5文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A文章編號:1008—1631(2011)05-0050-04EffectsofCarbonBaseFertilizersonSoilPhysicalPropertiesandMaizeYieldLUGuang—yuan,ZHANGYan,WANGXiang—fu,MENGYan(ShangqiuResearchInstituteofAgricultureandForestrySciences,Shangqiu476000,China)Abstract:Carbonbaseferti
4、lizerwasthelong—termfertilizermixingthebiomasscarbonandotherfertilizers,whichhadthecharactersofhi【ghefficiency,innocuity,harmless,improvingsoilphysicalandchemicalproperties,nopollution,andreducingtheuseofchemicalfertilizersandpesticides.Toselectthesuitablecarbonbasefertilizerformaizeproduction,theef
5、fectsoffourcarbonbasefertilizersmixingcarbonpowderandN,PandKwithdifferentproportiononthesoilpHvalue,bulkdensityandtheyieldofmaizeZhengdan958werestudiedwiththe1080ks/hmoffertilizerrateinShangqiu.TheresultsshowedthatthecarbonbasefertilizercouldadjustsoilpHvaluetoneutral,andincreasethesoilbulkdensitySO
6、astoimproveitsventilationpermeableperformance.Theadjustmentfunctionincreasedwiththeincreasingofcarbonpowder,whileinarelativelyshortperiod,theeffectwasnotsignificant.Theeffectsofdifferentcarbonbasefertilizersontheyieldtraitsandyieldweredifferent.WithYT3carbonbasefertilizer,theearlength,eardiameter,se
7、ed-producingpercentage,grainnumberperspikeand1000一grainweightwerethebiggest,andthefinalyieldwasthehighest(9726.90ks/hm),whichincreasedby10.94%.TheyieldwithYT2carbonbasefertilizerwas9339.45ks/hm,whichi
