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1、【考試技巧】新托福插入題命中百分百2011年04月28日11:15:19在新托福閱讀的考查中,每篇文章必會出現(xiàn)一類題,叫做"InsertTextQuestions",即插入句子題(簡稱插入題)??荚囍?,考生會遇到一句話,問該句插入文中哪里最合適。如下面例題: ▇Theraisingoflivestockisamajoreconomicactivityinsemiaridlands,wheregrassesaregeneralthedominanttypeofnaturalvegetation.▇Th
2、econsequencesofanexcessivenumberoflivestockgrazinginanareaarethereductionofthevegetationcoverandthetramplingandpulverizationofthesoil.▇Thisisusuallyfollowedbythedryingofthesoilandacceleratederosion.▇ Lookatthefoursquares▇thatindicatewherethefollowingse
3、ntencecanbeaddedtothepassage?! hiseconomicrelianceonlivestockincertainregionsmakeslargetractsoflandsusceptibletoovergrazing?! herewouldthesentencebestfit? (選自O(shè)fficialGuideP73) 按照ETS官方指南上的解析,這類題型重點考查英文句子間的邏輯語義關(guān)系,即英文中句子與句子是如何銜接在一起的。所以,只要掌握了英語句子間的銜接手法(
4、cohesivedevices),這種問題便可迎刃而解。 那么,英文句子有哪些銜接手法呢? 主要分為以下四種?! ?.代詞(Pronouns) 具體包括人稱代詞、指示代詞和關(guān)系代詞等(personal,demonstrative,relative,etc)。在上下句的關(guān)聯(lián)中,代詞是最為緊密的一類詞。當(dāng)作者再次談及上句相關(guān)話題時,為了避免重復(fù),遵循語言學(xué)的最簡單化原理,作者會用代詞指代該話題詞。例如, Speakingaforeignlanguageisanenormousassetinthem
5、odernworld.Thisiswhysomanyjuniorhighschoolsarenowofferinglanguageclasses?! oday'steachersarefacedwithastarkchoice.Theymustdecidewhethertoteachinawaythathelpsstudentpassstandardizedexamsorteachinawaythatactuallyhelpsstudentslearn?! ?.定冠詞the+名詞(specifica
6、rticles+nouns) 名詞所指對象第一次出現(xiàn)時,用不定冠詞a連接,當(dāng)后句再次提及該名詞對象時,為了表示它和前一句名詞是同一關(guān)系,會用定冠詞the引出。例如, Awomaniswalkingintoourclassroom.Thewomanisourteacher?! ?.重復(fù)話題詞或同義近義改寫(Repetition,synonym,orslightvariationofaword) 上下句的銜接也可以通過重復(fù)話題詞實現(xiàn),或者是對該話題詞進行相關(guān)改寫。例如, Tofosterhealt
7、hyrelationshipsbetweenchildreninaclassroom,teachersshouldprovidetimeforgamesandfunactivities.Havinghealthyrelationshipswiththeirpeershelpschildrengainconfidenceusefulinotherpartsoftheirlives.(重復(fù)話題詞) Beforechoosingapublicorprivateschoolfortheirchildren,
8、parentsshouldtakeintoaccountthecost.Thepriceofaprivateschoolisusuallymuchhigherthanthatofapublicschool.(話題詞同義改寫) 4.過渡性詞和詞組(Transitionalphrases/transitionaladverbs) 上面講到的三種句間關(guān)系屬于隱性關(guān)系。隱性關(guān)系通過上下句的語義關(guān)系體現(xiàn)?,F(xiàn)在,我們要講的是句子間的顯性關(guān)系,即通過明顯的邏輯連詞