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1、華聯(lián)留學(xué)www.udcedu.cn在新托福閱讀的考查中，每篇文章必會出現(xiàn)一類題，叫做"inserttextquestions"，即插入句子題(簡稱插入題)?？荚囍校忌鷷龅揭痪湓?，問該句插入文中哪里最合適。如下面例題：▇theraisingoflivestockisamajoreconomicactivityinsemiaridlands,wheregrassesaregeneralthedominanttypeofnaturalvegetation.▇theconsequencesofanexcessivenumberoflivestockgrazinginanareaar
2、ethereductionofthevegetationcoverandthetramplingandpulverizationofthesoil.▇thisisusuallyfollowedbythedryingofthesoilandacceleratederosion.▇lookatthefoursquares▇thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecanbeaddedtothepassage。thiseconomicrelianceonlivestockincertainregionsmakeslargetractsoflandsus
3、ceptibletoovergrazing。wherewouldthesentencebestfit?(選自officialguidep73)按照ets官方指南上的解析，這類題型重點考查英文句子間的邏輯語義關(guān)系，即英文中句子與句子是如何銜接在一起的。所以，只要掌握了英語句子間的銜接手法(cohesivedevices)，這種問題便可迎刃而解。那么，英文句子有哪些銜接手法呢？主要分為以下四種。1.代詞(pronouns)具體包括人稱代詞、指示代詞和關(guān)系代詞等(personal,demonstrative,relative,etc)。在上下句的關(guān)聯(lián)中，代詞是最為緊密的一類詞。當(dāng)作者
4、再次談及上句相關(guān)話題時，為了避免重復(fù)，遵循語言學(xué)的最簡單化原理，作者會用代詞指代該話題詞。例如，speakingaforeignlanguageisanenormousassetinthemodernworld.thisiswhysomanyjuniorhighschoolsarenowofferinglanguageclasses。today'steachersarefacedwithastarkchoice.theymustdecidewhethertoteachinawaythathelpsstudentpassstandardizedexamsorteachinaway
5、thatactuallyhelpsstudentslearn。2.定冠詞the+名詞(specificarticles+nouns)名詞所指對象第一次出現(xiàn)時，用不定冠詞a連接，當(dāng)后句再次提及該名詞對象時，為了表示它和前一句名詞是同一關(guān)系，會用定冠詞the引出。例如，awomaniswalkingintoourclassroom.thewomanisourteacher。3.重復(fù)話題詞或同義近義改寫(repetition,synonym,orslightvariationofaword)上下句的銜接也可以通過重復(fù)話題詞實現(xiàn)，或者是對該話題詞進行相關(guān)改寫。例如，tofosterhe
6、althyrelationshipsbetweenchildreninaclassroom,teachersshouldprovidetimeforgamesandfunactivities.havinghealthyrelationshipswiththeirpeershelpschildrengainconfidenceusefulinotherpartsoftheirlives.(重復(fù)話題詞)beforechoosingapublicorprivateschoolfortheirchildren,parentsshouldtakeintoaccountthecost.th
7、epriceofaprivateschoolisusuallymuchhigherthanthatofapublicschool.(話題詞同義改寫)4.過渡性詞和詞組(transitionalphrases/transitionaladverbs)上面講到的三種句間關(guān)系屬于隱性關(guān)系。隱性關(guān)系通過上下句的語義關(guān)系體現(xiàn)?，F(xiàn)在，我們要講的是句子間的顯性關(guān)系，即通過明顯的邏輯連詞或副詞來體現(xiàn)句間關(guān)系。這些顯性關(guān)系詞包括以下類別。4.1時間關(guān)系then,next,later,finally,etc。4
