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1、1LaboratoryDiagnosis2CategoryofSampleBlood,Urine,Stool,nasalwashing,nasalswab,throatswab,saliva,sputum,rectalswab,vesiclefluid(scrapingorswab),tissue,brainbiopsy,cerebrospinalfluid,etal.3LaboratoryDiagnosisMicroscopyIdentificationVirusisolationandident
2、ificationDetectionofviralproteins(antigensandenzymes)]DetectionofviralgeneticmaterialSerologicprocedures4MicroscopyIdentificationLightmicroscopyFluorescentmicroscopyElectronmicroscopy5LightmicroscopyCharacteristicCPEInclusionBodies6CelldeathCellroundin
3、gDegenerationAggregationLossofattachmentstosubstrateCharacteristichistologicalchanges:inclusionbodiesinthenucleusorcytoplasm,marginationofchromatinSyncytia:multinucleatedgiantcellscausedbyvirus-inducedcell-cellfusion7FluorescentmicroscopyFluorescent-an
4、tibodystaining8ElectronmicroscopyDirectdetection:Humanrotavirus;HAV;HBV;Smallpoxvirus;Herpesvirus.ImmuneElectronmicroscopy:Humanrotavirus;HAV;9LaboratoryDiagnosisMicroscopyIdentificationVirusisolationandidentificationDetectionofviralproteins(antigensan
5、denzymes)]DetectionofviralgeneticmaterialSerologicprocedures10ViralisolationandIdentificationViralGrowthandCellcultureViralDetectionViralIdentificationInterpretationofcultureresults11SystemsforthePropagationofVirusesPeopleAnimals:cows,chickens,mice,rat
6、s,sucklingmiceEmbryonatedeggsOrganandtissuecultureOrganculturePrimarytissuecultureCelllines:diploidTumoror（immortalized）cellline12ViraldetectionCPEHemadsorptionInterfereMetabolizeofcell13TCID50 (Tissuecultureinfectivedose)TCID50isdefinedasthatdilutiono
7、fviruswhichwillcauseCPEin50%ofagivenbatchofcellcultureTCID50=log10ofhighestdilutiongiving100%CPE+1/2–(totalnumberoftestunitsshowingCPE)/(numberoftestunitsperdilution)14ViralidentificationComplementfixation：HemagglutinationinhibitionNeutralizationImmuno
8、fluorescence(directorindirect)LatexagglutinationInsituEIAELISARIA(radioimmuno15LaboratoryDiagnosisMicroscopyIdentificationVirusisolationandidentificationDetectionofviralproteins(antigensandenzymes)DetectionofviralgeneticmaterialSerologi
