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1、物理化學(xué)公式集合kent第一章熱力學(xué)第一定律一、基本概念系統(tǒng)與環(huán)境，狀態(tài)與狀態(tài)函數(shù)，廣度性質(zhì)與強(qiáng)度性質(zhì)，過程與途徑，熱與功，內(nèi)能與焓。二、基本定律熱力學(xué)第一定律：ΔU=Q+W。焦耳實(shí)驗(yàn)：ΔU=f(T);ΔH=f(T)三、基本關(guān)系式1、體積功的計(jì)算δW=－pedV恒外壓過程：W=－peΔV可逆過程：W=nRT2、熱效應(yīng)、焓等容熱：QV=ΔU（封閉系統(tǒng)不作其他功）等壓熱：Qp=ΔH（封閉系統(tǒng)不作其他功）焓的定義：H=U+pV;dH=dU+d(pV)焓與溫度的關(guān)系：ΔH=otherstaffoftheCentre.During
2、thewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationof
3、StateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand3、等壓熱容與等容熱容熱容定義：；定壓熱容與定容熱容的關(guān)系：熱容與溫度的關(guān)系：Cp=a+bT+c’T2四、第一定律的應(yīng)用1、理想氣體狀態(tài)變化等溫過程：ΔU=0;ΔH=0;W=－Q=pedV等容過程：W=0;Q=ΔU=;ΔH=
4、等壓過程：W=－peΔV;Q=ΔH=;ΔU=可逆絕熱過程：Q=0;利用p1V1γ=p2V2γ求出T2,W=ΔU=;ΔH=不可逆絕熱過程：Q=0;利用CV(T2-T1)=－pe(V2-V1)求出T2,W=ΔU=;ΔH=2、相變化可逆相變化：ΔH=Q=nΔ＿H；otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Star
5、tingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderof
6、theCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,MinistersandＷ＝－p(V2-V1)=－pVg=－nRT;ΔU=Q+W3、熱化學(xué)物質(zhì)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)態(tài)；熱化學(xué)方程式；蓋斯定律；標(biāo)準(zhǔn)摩爾生成焓。摩爾反應(yīng)熱的求算：反應(yīng)熱與溫度的關(guān)系—基爾霍夫定律：。第二章熱力學(xué)第二定律一、基本概念自發(fā)過程與非自發(fā)過程二、熱力學(xué)第二定律1、熱力學(xué)第二定律的經(jīng)典表述克勞修斯，開爾文，奧斯瓦爾德。實(shí)質(zhì)：熱功轉(zhuǎn)換的不可逆性。2、熱力學(xué)第二定律的數(shù)學(xué)表達(dá)式（克勞修斯不等式）“=”可逆；“＞”不可逆三、熵1、熵的導(dǎo)出：卡若循環(huán)與卡諾定
7、理otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNor
8、thwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeS
