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1、微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)名詞解釋Chapter1businesscycle經(jīng)濟(jì)周期fluctuationsineconomicactivity,suchasemploymentandproductioneconomics經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué);經(jīng)濟(jì)，國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況thestudyofhowsocietymanagesitsscarce缺乏的，罕見(jiàn)的resourcesefficiencyn.功效;效率，效能;實(shí)力，能力;[物]性能;thepropertyofsocietygettingthemostitcanfromitsscarcer
2、esourcesequalityn.同等，平等;[數(shù)]相等，等式;thepropertyofdistributingeconomicprosperityuniformlyamongthemembersofsocietyexternality[,ekst??'n?l?t?]外部性theuncompensatedimpactofoneperson’sactionsonthewell-beingofabystander旁觀者;局外人;看熱鬧的人incentivesomethingthatinducesapers
3、ontoactInflation[?n'fle??(?)n]anincreaseintheoveralllevelofpricesintheeconomymarginalchangessmallincremental增加的adjustmentstoaplanofactionmarketeconomyaneconomythatallocatesresourcesthroughthedecentralized權(quán)力分散;人口疏散;密度分散;decisionsofmanyfirmsandhouseholdsast
4、heyinteractinmarketsforgoodsandservicesmarketfailureasituationinwhichamarketleftonitsownfailstoallocate分配，分派;把…撥給;英[??l?ke?t]resourcesefficientlymarketpowertheabilityofasingleeconomicactor(orsmallgroupofactors)tohaveasubstantialinfluenceonmarketpricesoppo
5、rtunitycostwhatevermustbegivenuptoobtainsomeitemproductivitythequantityofgoodsandservicesproducedfromeachunitoflaborinputpropertyrightstheabilityofanindividualtoownandexercisecontroloverscarceresourcesrationalpeoplepeoplewhosystematicallyandpurposefullydo
6、thebesttheycantoachievetheirobjectivesscarcitythelimitednatureofsociety’sresources17Chapter2circular-flowdiagramavisualmodeloftheeconomythatshowshowdollarsflowthroughmarketsamonghouseholds家庭;家庭，戶andfirmsmacroeconomics[,m?kr??i?k?'n?m?ks;-ek-]thestudyofeco
7、nomy-widephenomena,includinginflation,unemployment,andeconomicgrowthmicroeconomics[,ma?kr??i?k?'n?m?ksthestudyofhowhouseholdsandfirmsmakedecisionsandhowtheyinteractinmarketsnormative['n??m?t?v]標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的statementsclaimsthatattempttoprescribe定，規(guī)定;指定，規(guī)定;美[pr??skra
8、?b]howtheworldshouldbepositivestatementsclaimsthatattempttodescribetheworldasitisproductionpossibilitiesfrontier['fr?nt??）agraphthatshowsthecombinationsofoutputthattheeconomycanpossiblyproducegiventheavailablefactor
