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1、微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)名詞解釋CHAPTER1Scarcity：thelimitednatureofsociety’sresources.Economics：thestudyofhowsocietymanagesitsscarceresources.Efficiency：thepropertyofsocietygettingthemostitcanfromitsscarceresources.Equity：thepropertyofdistributingeconomicprosperityfairlyamongthemembersofsociety.Opportun
2、itycost：whatevermustbegivenuptoobtainsomeitem.Rationalpeople：peoplewhosystematicallyandpurposefullydothebesttheycantoachievetheirobjectives.Marginalchanges：smallincrementaladjustmentstoaplanofaction.Incentive：somethingthatinducesapersontoact.Marketeconomy：aneconomythatallocatesre
3、sourcesthroughthedecentralizeddecisionsofmanyfirmsandhouseholdsastheyinteractinmarketsforgoodsandservices.Propertyrights：theabilityofanindividualtoownandexercisecontroloverscarceresources.Marketfailure：asituationinwhichamarketleftonitsownfailstoallocateresourcesefficiently.Extern
4、ality：theimpactofoneperson’sactionsonthewell-beingofabystander.Marketpower：theabilityofasingleeconomicactor(orsmallgroupofactors)tohaveasubstantialinfluenceonmarketprices.Productivity：thequantityofgoodsandservicesproducedfromeachhourofaworker’stime.Inflation：anincreaseintheoveral
5、llevelofpricesintheeconomy.Businesscycle：fluctuationsineconomicactivity,suchasemploymentandproduction.CHAPTER2Circular-flowdiagram：avisualmodeloftheeconomythatshowshowdollarsflowthroughmarketsamonghouseholdsandfirms.Productionpossibilitiesfrontier：agraphthatshowsthecombinationsof
6、outputthattheeconomycanpossiblyproducegiventheavailablefactorsofproductionandtheavailableproductiontechnology.Microeconomics：thestudyofhowhouseholdsandfirmsmakedecisionsandhowtheyinteractinmarkets.Macroeconomics：thestudyofeconomy-widephenomena,includinginflation,unemployment,ande
7、conomicgrowth.Positivestatements：claimsthatattempttodescribetheworldasitis.Normativestatements：claimsthatattempttoprescribehowtheworldshouldbe.Chapter3Absoluteadvantage：theabilitytoproduceagoodusingfewerinputsthananotherproducerOpportunitycost：whatevermustbegivenuptoobtainsomeite
8、mComparativeadvantage：theabilitytoproduc
