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1、JournalofChinaUniversityofScienceandTechnologyVol.50-2012.01飛機(jī)ADS-B數(shù)據(jù)鏈路之安全評(píng)估與設(shè)計(jì)AssessingandDesigningSecurityofAircraftADS-BDataLink陳作舟Tso-ChoChen中華科技大學(xué)航空電子系副教授DepartmentofAvionicsChinaUniversityofScienceandTechnology摘要為因應(yīng)未來(lái)民航運(yùn)輸成長(zhǎng)之需求,突破傳統(tǒng)地面助導(dǎo)航設(shè)施的限制,有效提昇飛航安全及效率,
2、新一代的航空監(jiān)視系統(tǒng)將採(cǎi)用廣播式自動(dòng)回報(bào)監(jiān)視(ADS-B)系統(tǒng),提供空對(duì)空、空對(duì)地、地對(duì)地的數(shù)據(jù)鏈路;然而ADS-B之?dāng)?shù)據(jù)鏈路主要使用無(wú)線廣播方式,且無(wú)安全措施之設(shè)計(jì),因此潛在的安全性弱點(diǎn)與威脅有待評(píng)估及解決。本文目的除評(píng)估ADS-B數(shù)據(jù)鏈路的安全性外,並建立加密及認(rèn)證能力以增強(qiáng)ADS-B數(shù)據(jù)鏈路的安全性,使得廣播資料同時(shí)具有的隱私性與完整性。本文所提出DLAE-數(shù)據(jù)鏈路認(rèn)證加密法,可同時(shí)具有認(rèn)證與資訊保密功能;DLAE與其他傳統(tǒng)認(rèn)證加密演算法比較,可以顯著的提升運(yùn)作速度。關(guān)鍵詞:廣播式自動(dòng)回報(bào)監(jiān)視(ADS-B)系
3、統(tǒng)、認(rèn)證加密法、保密、安全。AbstractTomeetfuturedemandforairtransportgrowth,breakthetraditionalgroundnavigationaidsfacilitieslimitationsandeffectivelyenhanceflightsafetyandefficiency,anewgenerationofairsurveillancesystemwilluseautomaticdependentsurveillancebroadcast(ADS-B)s
4、ystemtoprovideair-to-air,air-to-groundandground-to-grounddatalink.However,ADS-Bdatalinkisawirelessbroadcast-typelinkwhichiswithoutdesigned-insecuritymeasures.Thereforepotentialsecurityvulnerabilitiesandthreatsremaintobeassessedandresolved.Thispaperaimstoassess
5、securityoftheADS-Bdatalink,andbuildencryptionandauthenticationcapabilityontheADS-Bdatalinktoprovideprivacyandintegrityofbroadcastinformation.Inthepaper,adatalink249JournalofChinaUniversityofScienceandTechnologyVol.50-2012.01authenticatedencryption(DLAE)schemei
6、sdesignedforsimultaneouslyprotectingbothmessage’sprivacyanditsauthenticity.Traditionally,thesetwosecuritygoalshadbeenhandledseparatelybymeansofencryptionschemesandmessageauthenticationcodes.TheproposedDLAEcanincreasesignificantlytheprocessingspeedincomparisonw
7、iththetraditionaldesignmethods.Keywords:ADS-Bsystem,authenticatedencryptionscheme,privacy,security.一、前言隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)蓬勃發(fā)展與全球化下,國(guó)際民航組織(InternationalCivilAviationOrganization,ICAO)預(yù)估未來(lái)的二十年之間航空運(yùn)輸量將會(huì)增加至現(xiàn)在的二到三倍左右,傳統(tǒng)助導(dǎo)航設(shè)施、程序及規(guī)範(fàn)等,已漸漸不符合民航界的需求,為因應(yīng)未來(lái)民航運(yùn)輸成長(zhǎng)之需求,突破傳統(tǒng)地面助導(dǎo)航設(shè)施的限制,有效提昇
8、飛航安全及效率,ICAO於1989年提出了發(fā)展一套以衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航及數(shù)位化通信技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ)之通訊、導(dǎo)航、監(jiān)視系統(tǒng)(Communication、Navigation、Surveillance,CNS),來(lái)支援建立一個(gè)全球均通行適用的飛航管理(AirTrafficManagement,ATM)系統(tǒng),此一新系統(tǒng)可以藉由先進(jìn)的科技與嶄新的飛航程序,克服傳統(tǒng)飛航服務(wù)系統(tǒng)先天條