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1、大連理工大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文電弧等離子體法煤基碳納米/微米材料的制備姓名:王云鵬申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別:碩士專業(yè):化學(xué)工藝指導(dǎo)教師:邱介山20040614摘要零論文的工{乍主鬟圍繞漾纂納米,微米酸材料靛翻備遂暫,雨容鋸括妻流電弧法水嘏煤基碳絨米管的制備及直流電弧法氣姻煤基炭微米球的制各鼴部分。產(chǎn)物的表征采用透射電子恩微鏡(TEM)、掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM)、X射線衍射(XRD)、x袈線貔譜(EDS>、瀲及紅癸光譜(F孓袋>;藍(lán)努逐使零豸見發(fā)囂巍譜(OES>對(duì)放電過程電弧弧柱中的活性物種進(jìn)行了原位滲斷。結(jié)合實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象和各種襲征手段獲緇的信息對(duì)電弧法水相煤基碳納米管和電弧法氣相煤基炭微
2、球的生長機(jī)理進(jìn)行了穰步討論。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果液明:(一)以煤繁碳棒為原料,采用直流毫孤等離子放魄方法可在水稻環(huán)裝中涮備獲得碳絨米管。與傳統(tǒng)的氣楣放電技術(shù)方法相比,水相制各法所需設(shè)備簡單、操作便捷、產(chǎn)黼雜質(zhì)少:與水相中制旃的石墨基碳納米管相比,水捆法煤鎣碳縭零管黲麓耗棗、藏本甄。瀠基碳藜米管黲生效經(jīng)歷了一令斃鞍特臻的過程,其中煤棒在電弧作用下電離產(chǎn)生的芳香性碎片等活性物種可能直接參與了碳納米管的生長,這與實(shí)驗(yàn)中使用的獨(dú)特水褶環(huán)境及炭化煤棒的結(jié)掏有關(guān)。(二)直流電弧法氣相煤基炭微米球與傳統(tǒng)的中間相炭微球之形態(tài)、結(jié)構(gòu)及生長視理截然不同;直流窀.弧放電中炭微米球在麓檬表磷近弧的位置
3、沉積,呈尊球狀或以各瓣方式結(jié)臺(tái)堆積,其形成與所黑陽極基體的表麗性質(zhì)郫放電時(shí)使用的緩沖氣體的組成有關(guān),實(shí)驗(yàn)證實(shí)在緩沖氣體中加入乙炔對(duì)炭微球豁生長有健遺捧瘸。美鍵詞:碳納米管、碳微嫌、制備、表征、媒基陽極、水相、贏流放電電弧、藝炔、催睨麴AbstractThispaperfocusesOilthepreparationofcoal—basedcarbonnanotubes(CNTs)andcarbonmicroballs.TheCNTswerepreparedbyDCarcdischargeofcoal—basedrodsinwater,whiletheball—lik
4、ecarbonsweremadebyDCarcdischargeofcoal-basedrodsindifferentgases.Theproductswerecharacterizedusingscanningelectronmicroscope(SEM),transmissionelectronmicroscope(TEM),X”raydiffractiontechniquefXRD),X—rayenergydispersivespectroscopy≤EDS)andIRspectroscopy,atthesametime。theopticalemissions
5、pectroscopy(OES)veasadoptedfor擒situdiagnosisofactivespeciesinvolvedinthearcingprocess.Onbasisoftheexperimentalresults,theformationmechanismofcoal—basedCNTsaswellastheformationmechanismofball.1ikecarbonsareproposedanddiscussedintermsoftheprocessparametersandcoalpropertiesTheresultsshowt
6、hatitispossibletoproduceCNTswithhighqualityandlowcostbyarcdischargeofcoal·basedcarobrodsinwater.TheOESanalysisrevealedthatinadditiontoClandC2,someotheractivespeciesalsogetinvolvedintheformationreactionsinthearcplasma.ItleadsonetobelievethattheformationofCNTsinwatermediummayproceedviaas
7、chemethatisdifferentfromtheconventionalarcdischargeingaseousmedium,inwhichsomelargeactivefragmentsreleasedfromcoal.basedcarbonrodsmayplayanimportantroleinthegrowthprocessofCNTsAnovelball—likecarbonmaterialwithdiameterinmicrometerrangewassuccessfullyprepared,forthefirsttime,fromcoal-b