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1、JForensicSci,July2009,Vol.54,No.4doi:10.1111/j.1556-4029.2009.01058.xTECHNICALNOTEAvailableonlineat:www.blackwell-synergy.com123IrinaGeiman,B.S.;MarcoLeona,Ph.D.;andJohnR.Lombardi,Ph.D.ApplicationofRamanSpectroscopyandSurface-EnhancedRamanScatteringtotheAnaly
2、sisofSyntheticDyesFoundinBallpointPenInks*ABSTRACT:TheapplicabilityofRamanspectroscopyandsurface-enhancedRamanscattering(SERS)totheanalysisofsyntheticdyescom-monlyfoundinballpointinkswasinvestigatedinacomparativestudy.Spectraof10dyeswereobtainedusingadispersi
3、vesystem(633nm,785nmlasers)andaFouriertransformsystem(1064nmlaser)underdifferentanalyticalconditions(e.g.,powderedpigments,solutions,thinlayerchromatog-raphy[TLC]spots).WhilehighfluorescencebackgroundandpoorspectralqualityoftencharacterizedthenormalRamanspect
4、raofthedyesstudied,SERSwasfoundtobegenerallyhelpful.Additionally,dyestandardsandasingleballpointinkweredevelopedonaTLCplatefollowingatypicalinkanalysisprocedure.SERSspectraweresuccessfullycollecteddirectlyfromtheTLCplate,thusdemonstratingapossibleforensicappl
5、icationforthetechnique.KEYWORDS:forensicscience,questioneddocuments,inkanalysis,dyes,Ramanspectroscopy,surface-enhancedRamanscattering,SERSRamanspectroscopycanbeusefulforcharacterizinganddis-criminatinginksbasedontheircomposition.Ithasbeenappliedextensivelyto
6、theanalysisofavarietyofinksincludingirongallink(1),lithographicink(2),gelpenink(3),andballpointink(4,5).Avariantofthetechnique,surface-enhancedRamanscat-tering(SERS)hasalsorecentlyfounditsnicheininkanalysisandhasbeenusedforballpointink(6,7)andinkjetdyeevalua-
7、tions(8).ThemajoradvantagesofRamanincludesmallsamplesizerequirements,minimalsamplepreparation,andthelackofchemicalormechanicalpretreatments(9).Ramanspectroscopyhasbeenfoundtobeapplicablefortheanalysisofseveraldyeclassesincludingazo(10)andarylmethane(11).Addit
8、ionally,studiesofvariousdyeshavebeenconductedandtheresultshaverevealedexcellentreproducibilityforthetechnique(12,13).However,fluo-rescenceinterferenceandlowsensitivityareacommonproblem,an
