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1、...定語從句（theattributiveclause）一．什么叫定語從句？一個句子作定語就叫定語從句。二．定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)及種類1.結(jié)構(gòu)：關(guān)系詞+主語+謂語+其它2.種類：限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句三．關(guān)系詞的分類及關(guān)系詞1.關(guān)系代詞：who，whom,whose,that,which,as2.關(guān)系副詞：when，where，why四．關(guān)系詞的功用1.起連接作用，引導(dǎo)定語從句2.在定語從句中作一個成分——主語，賓語，狀語，定語，表語。五．什么是先行詞？被定語從句所修飾的詞是先行詞。六．關(guān)系詞的用法1.who當(dāng)先行詞是指人得名詞或代詞，而且關(guān)系詞在
2、句中作主語時，選who。TheboywhoisstandingoverthereisTom.Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.2.whom當(dāng)先行詞是指人得名詞，而且關(guān)系詞在句中作主語時，選whom.ThisisourEnglishteacherwhomeverybodylikes.3.whose①當(dāng)先行詞是指人的名詞，而且關(guān)系詞在句中作定語時，選whose.Thisismydeskmatewhosefatherworksinafactory.②當(dāng)先行詞是指物的名詞，而且關(guān)系在句中作定語時，選whose.
3、Westudyinaclassroomwhosewindowsfacetothesouth.4.that①當(dāng)先行詞是指物的名詞，關(guān)系詞在句中作主語時，選that.Thisisamachinethatcanwalk.②當(dāng)先行詞是指物的名詞，關(guān)系詞在句中作賓語時，選that.另外，that可以省略。Ilikethepresent(that)myfathersentme.③當(dāng)先行詞是指人的名詞，關(guān)系詞也可選用that=whoTheboythat/whoisplayingfootballontheplaygroundismybrother.5.which當(dāng)先行詞
4、是指物的名詞時，關(guān)系詞也可選用which，它在句中作主語或賓語，which=that6.下列情況下，關(guān)系詞只能選用that①當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞something,anything,nothing,everything時IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?②當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞all時Mr.Lidoesallthathecantodohisworkwell.③當(dāng)先行詞被all,some,any修飾時TheseareallthethingsthatIhavedonetoday.......④當(dāng)先行詞被theonly,thevery修
5、飾時Thisistheonlycomputerthatheoftenturnstoforhelp.⑤當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級修飾時Thisisthecleaningroomthatyoucanseehere.⑥time作先行詞，前面有序數(shù)詞或last修飾時ThisisthelasttimethatI’llgiveyoupocketmoney.⑦盡管先行詞指人，但關(guān)系詞在句中作表語時。Heisnolongerthechildthatheusedtobe20yearsago⑧以who開頭的特殊疑問句，盡管先行詞指人。Whoisthepersonthat
6、issittingontheground?⑨當(dāng)先行詞包括人和物時。1.下列情況下，關(guān)系詞只能選which①在非限制性定語從句中。Thisismyfavoritepen,whichIboughtyesterday.②先行詞不是一個詞，而是前面整個句子的概念時Theboyisverypolite,whichmakeshisparentshappy.③當(dāng)先行詞指物，用“介詞+which”ThisisthepenwithwhichIoftenwrite.2.asAs引導(dǎo)定語從句時，有四種情況。As在句中作主語，賓語。①as單獨引導(dǎo)定語從句。Asweallknow
7、(=Asisknowntousall),YaoMingisafamousbasketballplayer.②thesame?as?與?一樣Ihavethesameideaasyou.③such?as?和?一樣Don’treadsuchabookasyoucan’utnderstand.④as?as?和?一樣Inthislibrary,youcanborrowasmanybooksasyoucan.3.where①當(dāng)先行詞是指地點的名詞，而且關(guān)系副詞在句中作狀語時，選where，where=介詞+whichThisistheclassroomwherewe
8、study.②盡管先行詞是指地點的名詞，但關(guān)系詞在句中作主語，賓語時，只能選th
