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1、定語從句(theattributiveclause)一.什么叫定語從句?一個(gè)句子作定語就叫定語從句。二.定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)及種類1.結(jié)構(gòu):關(guān)系詞+主語+謂語+其它2.種類:限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句三.關(guān)系詞的分類及關(guān)系詞1.關(guān)系代詞:who,whom,whose,that,which,as2.關(guān)系副詞:when,where,why四.關(guān)系詞的功用1.起連接作用,引導(dǎo)定語從句2.在定語從句中作一個(gè)成分——主語,賓語,狀語,定語,表語。五.什么是先行詞?被定語從句所修飾的詞是先行詞。六.關(guān)系詞的用法1.who當(dāng)先
2、行詞是指人得名詞或代詞,而且關(guān)系詞在句中作主語時(shí),選who。TheboywhoisstandingoverthereisTom.Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.2.whom當(dāng)先行詞是指人得名詞,而且關(guān)系詞在句中作主語時(shí),選whom.ThisisourEnglishteacherwhomeverybodylikes.3.whose①當(dāng)先行詞是指人的名詞,而且關(guān)系詞在句中作定語時(shí),選whose.Thisismydeskmatewhosefatherworksina
3、factory.②當(dāng)先行詞是指物的名詞,而且關(guān)系在句中作定語時(shí),選whose.Westudyinaclassroomwhosewindowsfacetothesouth.4.that①當(dāng)先行詞是指物的名詞,關(guān)系詞在句中作主語時(shí),選that.Thisisamachinethatcanwalk.②當(dāng)先行詞是指物的名詞,關(guān)系詞在句中作賓語時(shí),選that.另外,that可以省略。Ilikethepresent(that)myfathersentme.③當(dāng)先行詞是指人的名詞,關(guān)系詞也可選用that=whoTheboytha
4、t/whoisplayingfootballontheplaygroundismybrother.5.which當(dāng)先行詞是指物的名詞時(shí),關(guān)系詞也可選用which,它在句中作主語或賓語,which=that6.下列情況下,關(guān)系詞只能選用that①當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞something,anything,nothing,everything時(shí)IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?②當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞all時(shí)Mr.Lidoesallthathecantodohisworkwell.③當(dāng)先行詞被a
5、ll,some,any修飾時(shí)TheseareallthethingsthatIhavedonetoday.④當(dāng)先行詞被theonly,thevery修飾時(shí)Thisistheonlycomputerthatheoftenturnstoforhelp.⑤當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞,形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)Thisisthecleaningroomthatyoucanseehere.⑥time作先行詞,前面有序數(shù)詞或last修飾時(shí)ThisisthelasttimethatI’llgiveyoupocketmoney.⑦盡管先行詞指人,
6、但關(guān)系詞在句中作表語時(shí)。Heisnolongerthechildthatheusedtobe20yearsago⑧以who開頭的特殊疑問句,盡管先行詞指人。Whoisthepersonthatissittingontheground?⑨當(dāng)先行詞包括人和物時(shí)。7.下列情況下,關(guān)系詞只能選which①在非限制性定語從句中。Thisismyfavoritepen,whichIboughtyesterday.②先行詞不是一個(gè)詞,而是前面整個(gè)句子的概念時(shí)Theboyisverypolite,whichmakeshispar
7、entshappy.③當(dāng)先行詞指物,用“介詞+which”ThisisthepenwithwhichIoftenwrite.8.asAs引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),有四種情況。As在句中作主語,賓語。①as單獨(dú)引導(dǎo)定語從句。Asweallknow(=Asisknowntousall),YaoMingisafamousbasketballplayer.②thesame…as…與…一樣Ihavethesameideaasyou.③such…as…和…一樣Don’treadsuchabookasyoucan’tunderstand
8、.④as…as…和…一樣Inthislibrary,youcanborrowasmanybooksasyoucan.9.where①當(dāng)先行詞是指地點(diǎn)的名詞,而且關(guān)系副詞在句中作狀語時(shí),選where,where=介詞+whichThisistheclassroomwherewestudy.②盡管先行詞是指地點(diǎn)的名詞,但關(guān)系詞在句中作主語,賓語時(shí),只能選that/which.